Орчин цагийн монгол хэл, аялгуунууд дахь үйлийн биеэр төгсгөх нөхцөл буюу биед хамаатуулах нөхцөл

Abstract

According to this research, there are several suffixes, which are altered as in general meaning in Modern Mongolian Language. In addition, scholars have different views and opinions on the issue. Accordingly, those suffixes are called differently and each suffix has distinct in meaning. There are 10 suffixes of persons, which are stated as in general grammar in Mongolian language. Although, the research suggests that there should be three more types of suffixes as follows: 1. Suffixes for First person in Khalkha dialect, meaning ‘to promise, to give hope to others.’ e.g. -mdz, бур. -u:ža/-ü:že, -ɣu:ža/-gü:že 2. Suffixes for Second person in Khalkha dialect, mostly meaning ‘to subordinate, to advice, and to wish.’ e.g. –a:tax(e:/o:/ö:), хорч, харч. –a:tag(e:/o:/ö:) 3. Suffixes for Second person in Khalkha dialect, meaning ‘to limit and prohibit’ e.g. -ltgüi, цах. -ltgüe, -laggüe (e/o/ö), -lga:ngüe (e:/o:/ö:) We also suggest that there are three instances, where the two suffixes are sequentially added to one word in spite of general and stated structures of Mongolian grammar. Phonetically, possessive suffixes, attached to verbs, have been indicated the main principles of language developments. For instance, a consonant sound is weakened and altered in long vowel in the sequence of ‘ɣ/g stop consonant + vowel’; syllables are disappeared in some suffixes; labial vowels are weakened, altered and changed sign of labial in Oirat and Khalkha dialects; vowels weakened and shortened in Oirat dialect; some stop consonants are weakened and changed into sibilant fricative consonants in Oirat, Khalkha and Chahar (Inner Mongolian) dialects and fricative consonants in Buryat dialect; 3 to 6 versions of suffixes are sequenced within roots of words. In addition to these local dialects in Mongolian language, most common suffixes like ‘- сугай/-сүгэй, -гтун/-гтүн, -уузай/-үүзэй’ are changed into ‘-аарай/-ээрэй’ in Chahar dialect and ‘-тугай/-түгэй’ in Buryat dialect, and these suffixes are not used in speech so far and formed as new suffixes. The compositions of persons and numerals in the ancient Mongolian language remain in Buryat and Oirat dialects, and also, possessive suffixes of verbs partially refer to first, second and third persons, singular and plural nouns and expressive or non-expressive means. Therefore, the suffixes of possessive verbs in the Modern Mongolian dialects are varied in the terms of frequency of meaning, values and usage, as well as the numbers, sequences of sounds, meaning of suffixes, compositions of persons and numerals in Buryat and Oirat dialects, which have been characterized by main developments and contraction of languages.