일제 하 교육재정 국고보조금의 지급과 ‘국민교육’

Abstract

The education system during the Japanese colonial period gradually changed so that the Koreans and the Japanese received education under the same legal system. However, the structural discrimination against the education for Koreans continued until Korea was liberated. This was due to the continued separated management of the education budget about Korean and Japanese students. The difference in the education budget for Koreans and Japanese was most conspicuous by the proportion of state subsidies. While 10 to 20% of the entire budget for Japanese students was subsidized by the state, the state subsidy for Korean students accounted for merely 0.2% of the entire budget. The provision of state subsidies was closely linked with the national education policy of Japan. The Japanese mainland provided state subsidies for “national education” to the Japanese citizens residing in Korea since the rule of the Resident-General of Korea. This was usually compared with the benefits that the citizens of the Japanese mainland received and was intended to support the education of the Japanese “citizens” who would be overseeing colonial Korea. It was highly unlikely for the Koreans to receive state subsidies. Only by the late 1930s was it announced that Koreans will be receiving the same amount of state subsidy as the Japanese. This announcement, however, was not realized and the gap in the amount of state subsidies increased in time. The difference in the proportion of state subsidies in the education budget now serves as an example of how Japan discriminated against Koreans in favor of the Japanese “citizens.”