서구 대중국 인식의 세기적 전환 ― 마카트니(George Macartney) 사절단을 중심으로
The Transformation of Western Concepts of China at the Close of the 18th Century
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The Macartney mission of 1792–94 is the first major event in which British diplomats well read in the ideas of the European Enlightenment came face to face with the leadership of the world’s greatest and most populous land power. the Macartney mission came armed with a series of goals appropriate to an industrializing nation that was rapidly developing a world-wide trade system. After the mission's return from china, they published some paper on china and the chinese. G. L. Staunton's works and Sir John Barrow's works are the representative works among them. Of the both, Sir John Barrow's works showed the transformation of western concepts of china and the chinese. Before that time, Europeans had learned about China mainly through the writings of French Catholic missionaries. Eighteenth-century European philosophers, with the notable exception of Montesquieu, considered china civilization as a model of Europe. But in the Sir John Barrow's works, china and the chinese was portrayed negatively. He thought that Chinese civilization is a kind of stop, there is no history of civilization; China's national identity by the exclusion, superstition, and other poor-quality composition; Chinese legal and judicial systems are based on cruelty, and corruption characterized, which in turn with the China's traditional Political system are closely linked. so his negative description of china was a turning point from the sinophile to the sinophobe in the western concepts of china and the chinese.
Abstract
The Macartney mission of 1792–94 is the first major event in which British diplomats well read in the ideas of the European Enlightenment came face to face with the leadership of the world’s greatest and most populous land power. the Macartney mission came armed with a series of goals appropriate to an industrializing nation that was rapidly developing a world-wide trade system. After the mission's return from china, they published some paper on china and the chinese. G. L. Staunton's works and Sir John Barrow's works are the representative works among them. Of the both, Sir John Barrow's works showed the transformation of western concepts of china and the chinese. Before that time, Europeans had learned about China mainly through the writings of French Catholic missionaries. Eighteenth-century European philosophers, with the notable exception of Montesquieu, considered china civilization as a model of Europe. But in the Sir John Barrow's works, china and the chinese was portrayed negatively. He thought that Chinese civilization is a kind of stop, there is no history of civilization; China's national identity by the exclusion, superstition, and other poor-quality composition; Chinese legal and judicial systems are based on cruelty, and corruption characterized, which in turn with the China's traditional Political system are closely linked. so his negative description of china was a turning point from the sinophile to the sinophobe in the western concepts of china and the chinese.
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