전문 지휘자의 등장 이후 오케스트라 지휘의 발달

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the future implications for orchestral performances through the development of orchestral conducting following the appearance of professional conductors in the 19th century and its development in the 20th century. The history and development of orchestral conducting prior to the emergence of professional conductors and their appearance in the 19th century was studied. In analyzing the conducting aspects of the 20th century, we examined the features of conductors who were classified according to two perspectives presented by Harnoncourt: playing old music from a modern perspective and a faithful interpretation of the work from its respective era. Entering the 21st century, the period of enthusiasm for star conductors seems to have passed, although in the previous century, attempts were made to develop the orchestra by various conductors. Following the deaths of Karajan, Bernstein, and Solti, contemporary conductors have lacked influence compared to them. In addition, the orchestra plays a role as an educational and a public institution; and now, partly, the function of the orchestra is changing and being incorporated into our lives. Due to various factors, such as the expansion of culture and arts education in schools, arts instruction and the development of various media, orchestra performance is expanding to enable many people, who were simply in the audience of an orchestra performance, to directly perform and participate. Orchestras and conducting were constantly at a crossroads in their development. In the history of music, the responsibility of orchestra conductor has changed according to the times, beginning with the keyboard player, who is a member of the ensemble, to the string player and composer. In the 21st century, the public's participation in the orchestra, which was simply as the audience, is becoming broader. It is anticipated that various forms of citizen-led orchestral performances and conducting will spread throughout more active culture and arts policies. In the 21st century, conducting is expected to evolve into another form.