프로이트의 농담 이론으로 보는 마크 트웨인 작품의 무의식: 『이상한 쌍둥이』중심 연구
Unconsciousness of Mark Twain’s Literature through Freud’s Joke Theory: The Comedy: Those Extraordinary Twins
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German Psychologist Sigmund Freud, in his Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, estimates Mark Twain as having successfully endowed his literary texts with genuine sense of humor. Freud’s theories of joke open a healthy avenue to reread Twain’s The Comedy: Those Extraordinary Twins which has been neglected as a meaningless slapstick appendix to The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson. Subverting such established negative readings as Susan Gillman’s or Bruce Michelson’s, Freud’s joke theory manifests its positive effect, the healing liberation in the unconscious dimension of Twain’s farce. Twain’s twins, a monstrous freak [or freaks] with two heads on one body, satisfy Freud’s technique of jokes having a considerably compressed icon cause laughter and recognition. Freud depends on A. Bain’s joke’s laughter-compelling effect giving us pleasure to release from constraint and H. Bergson’s theory that laughter liberates us from suppression and thus returns us to our childlike boundary-free wholeness. Healing unconscious trauma created by various binary borders, Twain’s joke text traverses binary illusions, helping his readers accept and hope for America rehabilitated.
Abstract
German Psychologist Sigmund Freud, in his Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, estimates Mark Twain as having successfully endowed his literary texts with genuine sense of humor. Freud’s theories of joke open a healthy avenue to reread Twain’s The Comedy: Those Extraordinary Twins which has been neglected as a meaningless slapstick appendix to The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson. Subverting such established negative readings as Susan Gillman’s or Bruce Michelson’s, Freud’s joke theory manifests its positive effect, the healing liberation in the unconscious dimension of Twain’s farce. Twain’s twins, a monstrous freak [or freaks] with two heads on one body, satisfy Freud’s technique of jokes having a considerably compressed icon cause laughter and recognition. Freud depends on A. Bain’s joke’s laughter-compelling effect giving us pleasure to release from constraint and H. Bergson’s theory that laughter liberates us from suppression and thus returns us to our childlike boundary-free wholeness. Healing unconscious trauma created by various binary borders, Twain’s joke text traverses binary illusions, helping his readers accept and hope for America rehabilitated.
참고문헌 (10)
- 정정미, "트웨인의 이중적 정체성과 쌍둥이와 뮬라토 모티프", 근대영미소설, 6(1), pp.321~346 (1999)
- Cox, James, "Pudd’nhead Wilson Revisited. in:Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson: Race, Conflict, and Culture", pp.1~21 (1990), Duke UP
- Freud, Sigmund, "Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious" (1989), Norton
- Gillman,Susan, "Dark Twins: Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain’s America" (1989), U of Chicago P
- Gillman, Susan, "Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson: Race, Conflict, and Culture" (1990), Duke UP
- Jehlen, Myra, "The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in Pudd’nhead Wilson", American Literary History, 2(1), pp.39~55 (1990)
- Michelson, Bruce, "Mark Twain on the Loose: A Comic Writer and the American Self" (1995), U of Massachusetts P
- Smith, David Lionel, "Afterword.” The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins. By Mark Twain", pp.1~17 (1996), Oxford UP
- Twain. Mark, "The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins" (1996), Oxford UP
- Williams, Sherley Anne, "Introduction. in: The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins", pp.xxx1~xsiii (1996), Oxford UP