19세기 후반 유럽 여행의 풍경 — 郭嵩燾, 黎庶昌의 귀국 전 여행을 중심으로
Traveling in Europe in the Late 19th Century - Focusing on the pre-return trip of Guo Songtao(郭嵩燾) and Li Shuchang(黎庶昌)
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서방 세계에 주재한 중국의 첫 번째 외교관인 郭嵩燾(1818-1891)는 1879년 유럽에서의 임무를 마치고 본국으로 돌아가기 전에 그 보좌관이었던 黎庶昌(1837-1891)과 함께 유럽 여행에 나섰다. 그들은 자신들이 원하는 바에 따라 스위스, 이탈리아를 행선지로 정하였고 그곳에서 자연풍광과 인문풍경의 향유에 집중하고 있었다. 이런 점에서 그들의 여행은 ‘여행 자체가 목적이 되는 여행’에 가깝다고 말할 수 있다. 다만 그들의 여행의 방식을 비교하면 상대적으로 여서창이 훨씬 더 자신만의 여행을 즐기고 있었다. 이는 그의 귀국 전 여행에서 확인이 되는 바, 그의 여행의 풍경은 19세기 말 중국인의 유럽 자유 여행의 한 선례로 손색이 없을 만큼 자유로운 모습으로 충만하였다.
Abstract
Guo Songtao (1818-1891) was China's first diplomat in the Western world from 1876 to 1879, and traveled to Europe with his aide Li Shuchang (1837-1891) before returning home from his mission in Europe. We will be able to compare and examine the scenery of their travels in the late 19th century by reading their travels of the places they visited and each destination or attraction. They chose Switzerland and Italy as their destinations, and arranged their itinerary in consideration of the location and time of departure, considering their return journey from Marseille in southern France. The trip to Switzerland was chosen to see the beautiful natural scenery and the trip to Italy was made at the suggestion of Sir Thomas Hanbury (1832-1907), a Chinese businessman. It can be seen that Westerners who entered and worked in China at that time played an important role as an important bridge in the early stages of China's establishment of relations with the West on the international stage. It is noteworthy that Guo Songtao composed the places he wanted to visit according to his thoughts regarding destinations and places to visit. This means that he planned his own trip, and it can also be said that his trip before returning home is not a purpose-oriented trip, but a trip as a leisure and a trip that faces the natural scenery with a Romantic Gaze. Italy was fascinated by the natural scenery and the old traces scattered throughout the city, its humanistic scenery. The natural scenery and humanistic scenery that they wanted to see on their trip are related to their interest in nature and history, which can be seen as the traditional cultural taste of the nobleman. In this regard, Guo Songtao left Europe and brought up his previous taste as a traditional writer again, facing the space of Europe. On the other hand, Li Shuchang was relatively immersed in appreciating the natural scenery as it was, and the humanistic scenery created by the old ruins seems to be treated as a visible attraction. This was also reflected in the writing method of recording each trip. Li Shuchang also traveled before returning home. It is highly likely that his destination was suggested from the trip in that it had various relationships with Guo Songtao earlier. The relatively big difference is that Li Shuchang traveled relatively much more freely. Following his journey, the appearance of his trip, the way he traveled, and his gaze were filled with freedom as a precedent for Chinese free travel to Europe in the late 19th century.
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