魏志倭人伝における音韻体系に関する小考 ― 表記の観点より見る「弥馬獲支」の「支」の読み ―

Abstract

There is an explanation that ‘弥馬獲支’, which can be identified as the official name of ‘Yamataikoku(邪馬台国)’, is ‘Mimawake?(御間別け?)’ and ‘支’ is pronounced as [ke]. In Wajinden, ‘ 支’ can be confirmed six times in total as the official name and country name, but the other parts show the sound value of [ki], but only this part is read as the sound value of [ke]. There are several examples where the same characters represent different sounds. The character ‘奴’ in ‘麻奴王(manonomiko)’ which can be identified as a person’s name in Kojiki represents the sound of [no]. ‘奴’ in ‘奴弖由良久母(nuteyurakumo)’, which can be seen in Kayo 111, represents the sound value of [nu].　However, if the same characters have different phonetic values, most of them appear in the same vowel system (for example, the [i] phonetic system), but some of them appear in different vowel systems, such as ‘支’ in Wajinden. In this article, we will examine the phenomenon in which the same character is used as a different vowel system, especially the ‘支’ of ‘弥馬獲支’, which can be confirmed as the official name in Wajinden. Based on the examination of Chinese characters from dictionaries, rhymes from verse of Sikyo, examples from Kojiki and Nihonshoki, Manyousyu, and examples from Sankokusaki, it is appropriate to express the [i] phonetic system. However, it is considered that ‘支’ in ‘弥馬獲支’ of Wajinden appeared as the [e] phonetic system by reading ‘わけ’ in accordance with the example as a vocabulary in Japanese.