고대일본어의 ‘乃’ 표기자 연구 - /na/음을 중심으로 -
A Study on the Notation of Nai(乃) used as /na/ in Old Japanese
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This paper explains why Nai(乃) is used as /na/ in Manyougana through analysis of Hai(咍) rhyme in Sino-Vietnamese, SinoTibetan, Medieval Traditional Sino-Korean and Manyougana, the phonological changes of Hai rhyme from Archaic Chinese to Middle Tang Dynasty, and review of Nai in Korean sources from the place names in Samguk-sagi to Idu. First, Nai's Hai rhyme never existed in the middle of the Archaic Chinese to Ancient Chinese and at least before A.D.750, such as middle low vowel [a] or back low vowel [ɑ]. Nai's /na/ can never be associated with the history of Chinese phonology, as Nai was already represented by /a/ and was restricted to Nara (乃樂) notation before Hai rhyme could be used as /a/ in the history of Chinese phonology.; Secondly, in Manyougana of Japanese data, Hai rhyme only shows /ö/ and /ë(e)/, where /ö/ is a reflection before Ancient Chinese and /ë(e)/ is a reflection of Ancient Chinese. Hai rhyme shows that it's sound was similar to /ë/ during the period of Ancient Chinese, especially during the era of the sounds of Tang Dynasty in the North. However, Nai in Hai rhyme was not used as / nö / in Nihonsyoki (Chronicle of Japan History), but only as /na/. Hai rhyme changed to [ɑ] after A.D.750, so it could not be used as /na/ for Nihonsyoki established in A.D.720. Therefore, Chinese and Japanese data do not explain the use of Nai as /na/. According to Korean literature, examples of Nai used for /na/ are consistent from ancient times to the Middle Ages in Samguksagi's place names, Hyangga, Seokdok Gugyeol and Idu statements. Therefore, we conclude that the Nara's /na/ notation in Japan reflects the notation of the Korean peninsula.
Abstract
This paper explains why Nai(乃) is used as /na/ in Manyougana through analysis of Hai(咍) rhyme in Sino-Vietnamese, SinoTibetan, Medieval Traditional Sino-Korean and Manyougana, the phonological changes of Hai rhyme from Archaic Chinese to Middle Tang Dynasty, and review of Nai in Korean sources from the place names in Samguk-sagi to Idu. First, Nai's Hai rhyme never existed in the middle of the Archaic Chinese to Ancient Chinese and at least before A.D.750, such as middle low vowel [a] or back low vowel [ɑ]. Nai's /na/ can never be associated with the history of Chinese phonology, as Nai was already represented by /a/ and was restricted to Nara (乃樂) notation before Hai rhyme could be used as /a/ in the history of Chinese phonology.; Secondly, in Manyougana of Japanese data, Hai rhyme only shows /ö/ and /ë(e)/, where /ö/ is a reflection before Ancient Chinese and /ë(e)/ is a reflection of Ancient Chinese. Hai rhyme shows that it's sound was similar to /ë/ during the period of Ancient Chinese, especially during the era of the sounds of Tang Dynasty in the North. However, Nai in Hai rhyme was not used as / nö / in Nihonsyoki (Chronicle of Japan History), but only as /na/. Hai rhyme changed to [ɑ] after A.D.750, so it could not be used as /na/ for Nihonsyoki established in A.D.720. Therefore, Chinese and Japanese data do not explain the use of Nai as /na/. According to Korean literature, examples of Nai used for /na/ are consistent from ancient times to the Middle Ages in Samguksagi's place names, Hyangga, Seokdok Gugyeol and Idu statements. Therefore, we conclude that the Nara's /na/ notation in Japan reflects the notation of the Korean peninsula.
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