청소년의 일주기 리듬과 방어유형의 연관성: 아침형일수록 적응적 및 자기 억제적 방어유형이 크고 미성숙한 방어유형이 적게 사용됨
Association Between Morningness and Defense Style in Adolescence: Morningness is Associated With Greater Adaptive and Self-Suppressive Defense Styles and Lesser Immature Defense Style
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목 적: 청소년기에는 저녁형의 일주기 리듬이 우세하다. 아침형은 회복탄성력을 매개로 해서 정신력이 좋은 것과 연관된다고 한다. 아침형은 건강한 수면 습관과 좋은 성격과연관될 가능성이 있다. 방 법: 주말 과수면, 사회적 시차, 10시부터 15시 사이의햇볕 노출 시간을 측정하기 위한 수면 연관 질문지, 불면 심각도 척도, 엡워스 주간졸림 척도, 병원 불안 우울 척도, 방어 유형 질문지가 사용됐다. 이 연구에는 1,610명의 고등학생이 참가했다. 결 과: 다중회귀분석의 결과 나이, 수면의 질, 불안, 우울을 통제했을 때 아침형은 남성(β=0.115, t=4.769, p＜0.001), 적응적 방어유형(β=0.092, t=3.506, p＜0.001) 및 자기억제적방어유형(β=0.072, t=2.192, p=0.029)을 많이 사용하는 것, 미성숙한 방어기제(β=-0.163, t=-4.782, p＜0.001)를 적게 사용하는 것에 의해 유의하게 예측됐다. 아침형은 나이, 수면의질, 우울, 불안을 통제했을 때, 승화(β=0.09, t=3.541, p＜ 0.001)와 반동형성(β=0.112, t=4.488, p＜0.001)을 많이 하는것, 소비(β=-0.062, t=-2.501, p=0.012)와 수동 공격(β= -0.101, t=-3.747, p＜0.001), 철수(β=-0.084, t=-2.955, p= 0.003)를 적게 하는 것, 남성(β=0.117, t=4.896, p＜0.001)인 것에 의해 유의하게 예측됐다. 결 론: 청소년의 아침형은 긍정적인 성격과 관련될 수있다. 아침형을 증진하는 것이 건강한 성격 발달과 관련될수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives: Eveningness predominates in adolescence. Morningness has been reported to be associated with mental tough- ness via resilience. Morningness could be related to healthy sleep habits and a good personality. Methods: Sleep-related behaviors, such as weekend oversleep, social jetlag, and daytime sunlight exposure between 10:00 and 15:00, were evaluated using sleep-related questionnaires. Morningness-eveningness questionnaire, insomnia severity index, Epworth sleepiness scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and defense style questionnaire were used. This study includes 1,610 high school students. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that morningness is predicted by male sex (β=0.115, t=4.769, p<0.001) and greater adaptive (β=0.092, t=3.506, p<0.001) and self-suppressive defense styles (β=0.072, t=2.192, p=0.029) and lesser immature defense styles (β=-0.163, t=-4.782, p<0.001) after controlling for age, sleep quality, depression, anxiety. Morningness is also predicted by greater sublimation (β=0.09, t=3.541, p<0.001) and reaction formation (β=0.112, t=4.488, p<0.001) and lesser consumption (β=-0.062, t=-2.501, p=0.012), passive aggression (β=-0.101, t=-3.747, p<0.001) and withdrawal (β=-0.084, t=-2.955, p=0.003), and male sex (β=0.117, t=4.896, p<0.001) after controlling for age, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. Conclusion: Morniness in adolescence may be related to a positive personality. Promoting morningness might be related to healthy development in personality.
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