청소년의 낙관성과 안녕감의 관계에서 방어기제유형의 조절효과
The Moderating Effects of Defense Mechanism Style on the Relationship between Optimism and Well-Being in Adolescents
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본 연구는 낙관성과 방어기제유형, 안녕감 간의 관계를 살펴보고 낙관성과 안녕감의 관계에서 방어기제유형의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 중학생 445명(남자 316명, 여자 129명)을 대상으로 안녕감 척도(K-SWBS), 성향적 낙관성 척도(YLOT), 낙관적 설명양식 척도(CASQ), 방어기제유형 척도(K-DSQ)를 실시하고 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 안녕감, 성향적 낙관성, 낙관적 설명양식, 그리고 적응적 방어기제유형은 각각 정적 상관관계를 보이나 안녕감, 성향적 낙관성, 낙관적 설명양식과 미성숙, 자기 억제적, 갈등 회피적 방어기제유형은 모두 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 성향적 낙관성, 낙관적 설명양식, 적응적 방어기제유형은 안녕감에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 성향적 낙관성이 가장 높은 영향력을 보였다. 셋째, 성향적 낙관성이 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 적응적 방어기제유형의 조절효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 끝으로 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were to explore the relationship between optimism, defense mechanism style and well-being, and to investigate the moderating effects of defense mechanism style on the relationship between optimism and well-being. The subjects of the present study were 445 middle school students (316 boys, 129 girls). They are asked to answer the questionnaire: Korean Subjective Well-Being Scales (K-SWBS), the Youth Life Orientation Test (YLOT), Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ), and Korean Version of Defense Style Questionnaire (K-DSQ). The results were as follows. Firstly, adolescents’ well-being positively correlated with dispositional optimism, optimistic explanatory style and adaptive defense mechanism style. But immature, self- inhibiting, and conflict-avoiding defense mechanism style negatively correlated with well-being, dispositional optimism, and optimistic explanatory style. Secondly, dispositional optimism, optimistic explanatory style and adaptive defense style had positive effects on well-being, and dispositional optimism showed the highest influence on well-being. Thirdly, the moderating effect of adaptive defense mechanism on the relation between dispositional optimism and well-being was significant. Lastly, implications of the present study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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