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코로나19 팬데믹 시기에 방글라데시 빈곤층이 경험하고 있는 빈곤, 영양, 무력감 - 질적연구 -

Poverty, Food Insecurity and Helplessness among the Poor in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Qualitative Study -

한승헌|강윤희
(사)위기관리이론과실천 (Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis)|2022.10|Crisisonomy|제18권 제10호|pp. 41-61|DOI https://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.10.41

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코로나19COVID-19질적연구식량안보food security대응전략qualitative studyBangladeshdisaster response방글라데시

초록

본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인해 빈곤층에서 증가한 경제적 위기와 영양적 위험, 그 대응전략을탐색하기 위하여, 방글라데시 랑푸르도 카하롤군 5세 미만 자녀를 둔 여성 45명을 대상으로 심층면접조사를 실시하였다. 대부분의 응답자는 코로나19 대유행 이후 실직 및 소득 감소를 경험하였고, 주식 및 영양가 있는 식품을 구매할 수 없었으며, 특히, 아동과 임산부는 영양적으로 부족하고 불균형한 음식을 섭취하고 있었다. 이러한 위기에 대응하기 위해 각 가구들은 가축을 팔거나, 대출을받고, 저축을 사용하는 등 다양한 임시방편적인 전략을 취했다. 특히, 대출을 받은 경우 대출금을상환할 수 없어 다시금 심각한 경제적⋅정신적 스트레스의 악순환에 빠졌다. 응답자들은 이러한위기를 미래에도 극복할 수 없을 것이라는 만연한 무력감과 좌절감을 표현했다. 조사 당시 지역정부와 NGO의 지원이 부족했고, 지역사회 주민들 간 상호 부조 역시 경제적 어려움으로 인해 거의 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구는 지속 가능한 대응전략으로서 자급자족을 촉진하는 소득증대 지원 등의 확대와 지역사회 회복력 강화를 위한 후속 연구를 제안하였다.

Abstract

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic heightened the risk of economic and nutritional instability, particularly among the poor population. We conducted in-depth interviews with 45 women with young children in Kaharole Upazila, Rangpur Division, in Bangladesh. Most respondents reported reduced income or job loss since the pandemic and could not afford to purchase staples and nutrient-rich foods. Young children and pregnant women were at risk of having inadequate diets. The households used stress coping mechanisms such as selling livestock, taking loans, and spending savings several times. The coping mechanisms again put the respondents into a vicious economic and severe mental stress cycle as they had no way to repay the loan. Respondents expressed helplessness and frustration as a result of the economic downturn. There was a lack of relief assistance from local governments or civil societies. Our findings showed poor Bangladesh women faced financial hardship, limited food choices, and provisional coping strategies. It is advised that disaster relief efforts be directed toward helping the affected population maintain their standard of living and building local community resilience.

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