모스 대 밀른— 일본 최초의 고고학 조사와 일본 인종 논쟁의 서막 —
Morse vs. Milne — The First Archaeological Investigation in Modern Japan, and the Prelude of the Dispute on the Races Inhabited in the Prehistoric Japan —
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After the Meiji Restoration, social elites in Japan pursued the wester-style modernization to change its social system. In order to introduce the western-style science, the Japanese government invited specialists who took change of the scientific education from the Western Europe and the US. During the Meiji Era, some Westerners including scholars who resided in Japan approached to racial issues on the Japanese, which even contemporary Japanese intellectuals did not pay much attention. Edward Morse, a zoologist, and John Milne, a geologist, were one of them. These two foreign government advisors were supporters of the Darwinism, which was the subject facing furious debates in the West. The evolutionary theory which these two people advocated was the social Darwinism that highlights superiority and inferiority among races. On the basis of the racial prejudice, Morse and Milne who were interested in the prehistoric people inhabited before the migration of the Japanese conducted the first scientific archaeological and ethnographical surveys in the Meiji Japan, and demonstrated theories concerning the racial change of the Japanese archipelago. Although the dispute called the Pre-Ainu or the Koropokkuru ended in 1882, their racial perspectives on the ethnic groups influenced on young Japanese intellectuals represented by Tsuboi Shogoro who established the Anthropological Society of Tokyo in 1886. The members of the Anthropological Society of Tokyo had conducted the anthropological and archeological investigations to prove the reality of the Ainu, the Pre-Ainu and the Koropokkuru suggested by Morse and Milne.
Abstract
After the Meiji Restoration, social elites in Japan pursued the wester-style modernization to change its social system. In order to introduce the western-style science, the Japanese government invited specialists who took change of the scientific education from the Western Europe and the US. During the Meiji Era, some Westerners including scholars who resided in Japan approached to racial issues on the Japanese, which even contemporary Japanese intellectuals did not pay much attention. Edward Morse, a zoologist, and John Milne, a geologist, were one of them. These two foreign government advisors were supporters of the Darwinism, which was the subject facing furious debates in the West. The evolutionary theory which these two people advocated was the social Darwinism that highlights superiority and inferiority among races. On the basis of the racial prejudice, Morse and Milne who were interested in the prehistoric people inhabited before the migration of the Japanese conducted the first scientific archaeological and ethnographical surveys in the Meiji Japan, and demonstrated theories concerning the racial change of the Japanese archipelago. Although the dispute called the Pre-Ainu or the Koropokkuru ended in 1882, their racial perspectives on the ethnic groups influenced on young Japanese intellectuals represented by Tsuboi Shogoro who established the Anthropological Society of Tokyo in 1886. The members of the Anthropological Society of Tokyo had conducted the anthropological and archeological investigations to prove the reality of the Ainu, the Pre-Ainu and the Koropokkuru suggested by Morse and Milne.
참고문헌 (37)
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