도요토미(豊臣)정권의 의료정책 －임진전쟁과 의료문제－

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate, in the aspects of medical history, the treatment of disease on the injured and the dead of Japanese military during Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 by Hideyoshi and Daimyo lords as well as development of their medical policy. First, consequently, Hideyoshi organized “Beon-ui(rotation physician, 番醫)” for factorial treatment of many Daimyo lords under his control as unified regime needless to say exclusive Si-ui(court physician, 侍醫), and built medical system through Rotation Treatment (輪番交代診療) system. In addition, key figure under the Beon-ui(番醫) system was Yakuin- Zen-so(施藥院全宗/1526-1599), and five BeonUi (rotation physicians) joined the army in Nagoya during the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 to take care of Hideyoshi’s health care. At the same time, they were in charge of treating many Daimyo lords who were summoned for diseases after fierce battles in Joseon. Second, a noteworthy part of Hideyoshi’s medical policy was the revival of “Yakuin(Dispensation Service of Medicine, 施藥院)”. This service agency resumed free medical treatment regardless of social position, and the operation of Beon-ui system and Yakuin was assigned to Zen-so (全宗) as a head of court physicians reviving the medical system. It paved the way to establish health center (養生所) in Edo period. Third, I reviewed medical issues in Japanese Daimyo’s camps stationed in Joseon by focusing on the case of Mo-ri-ga(毛利家). Hideyoshi knew that 20 doctors were placed each troop before attack to Jinju Fortress and there were many injured soldiers and many were frozen to death but he did not make any action of repatriation to those casualties until fortification in the southern coast of Korea. From this, we could see that the treatment of the injured in each region was ultimately made in camps located in their own country of Japan. Fourth, as the war prolonged after Hideyoshi left Nagoya in August 1593, it took 90~100 days to report war which initially took 15~20 days. The reports of injuries and deceased during the war and Hideyoshi’s military orders and actions were compelled to be delayed. This inefficient command delivery system led to a series of deaths and patients, which resulted in more human injuries.