미국 역량중심 교육정책 분석과 국내 역량중심교육에 대한 시사점
Analysis of the US Competency-based Education Policies and Implications for Competency-based Education in Korea
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초록
역량중심교육은 최근 미국 교육계에 큰 화두이다. 본 논문에서는 미국 내에서 역량중심교육을 활발히 적용하고 있는 뉴햄프셔, 오하이오, 일리노이, 플로리다, 미시건, 유타, 네바다, 아이다호 주 등 8개 주의 교육정책을 분석한 결과를 토대로 한국에서 역량중심교육을 도입하는데 있어 고려할 만한 5가지 시사점을 제시했다. 첫째, 교육부에서 먼저 역량중심교육에 대해 이해하고 역량중심교육 시범학교를 선정해 정책자금을 지원하거나 학점제도 운영에 대해 일선 학교에 자율권을 제공해서 일선 학교에서 학생들을 위한 보다 나은 교육방법을 제공할 수 있도록 정책적인 보장을 해주는 것. 둘째, 어느 한순간 정책적 변화를 통해 갑자기 모든 학교에서 역량중심교육을 시행하도록 강제하기 보다는 시범학교를 선정해 3~5년간 시범 운영하면서 학계와 연계해 한국형 역량중심교육 모델 개발을 위한 연구를 진행해 나가는 것. 셋째, 하위 수준의 수업 내용에 대해 숙달하고 수업에 재미와 흥미를 갖고 상위 단계의 수업을 듣는 것이 학생들에게 보다 나은 학습경험을 제공한다는 사실을 교사, 학생, 학부모 모두 이해하고 받아들일 수 있도록 하는 것. 넷째, 평가방식을 다각화하기 위한 방안을 마련하고 교사와 학생들이 역량중심 평가와 학력중심 평가에 대한 부담을 2배로 지게 하지 않도록 적절히 조율하는 것. 다섯째, 역량중심교육을 채택하고 적용하기에 앞서 학생들에게 개인 맞춤형 학습을 제공할 준비가 되어 있는가에 대해 확인하는 것이다.
Abstract
Competency-based education is one of the hot topics in the field of the US education. This study provided five implications for Competency-based education in Korea based on the results of analyzing the US Competency-based education policies in eight states (i.e. New Hampshire, Ohio, Illinois, Florida, Michigan, Utah, Nevada, Idaho). First, the Ministry of Education needs to understand Competency-based education and establish a pilot program to help local schools to adapt Competency-based education for their schools using the government grants. Second, it is necessary to do a series of research to develop Korean model of Competency-based education by implementing a pilot program for 3-5 years. Third, the Ministry of Education needs to conduct a national-wide awareness campaign to promote understanding and interest in Competency-based education for teachers, students, and parents. Fourth, the Ministry of Education needs to establish multiple measures to determine students’ mastery of concepts or competencies. Last but not least, the Ministry of Education needs to confirm that local schools are ready to provide personalized learning for the individual students.
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