학습관리시스템(LMS) 데이터를 활용한 기술수용모형의 사용의도와 실제사용 간의 관계 분석
An Analysis of Relationships between Behavioral Intention to Use and Actual Usage of TAM Using LMS Data
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초록
본 연구는 기술수용모형에서 제시하고 있는 사용의도와 실제사용 간의 관계를 실증적으로 검증하기 위해, LMS를 활용하는 학습자의 로그 데이터에 기반해 사용자의 인식과 사용의도가 실제사용에 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구대상인 A대학교 재학생 1,281명을 대상으로 LMS에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 실제사용 데이터는 LMS에 기록된 로그 중 강의자료, 동영상, 링크, 외부 학습자원 등의 학습자원에 접근한 기록과 게시판, 과제, 퀴즈, 토론, 팀활동 등의 학습활동에서 발생한 기록만 필터링하여 분석에 사용하였다. 실제사용은 강좌별로 교과목 및 교수자의 특성에 따라 교수-학습 활동에 차이가 있으므로 학습자의 로그 데이터의 양을 강좌별로 정규화하고 그 평균값을 사용하였다. 인과관계를 명확히 하기 위해 설문조사 후 그 다음 학기동안 LMS에서 활동한 데이터를 활용하여 구조적 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 학습자의 인지된 용이성, 인지된 유용성, 태도, 사용의도 간의 구조적 관계는 기술수용모형과 일치하는 결과가 도출되었으나, 실제 사용이 포함된 모형은 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 사용의도와 실제사용 간 상관관계는 존재하나 사용의도가 실제 사용을 예측하기에는 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 TAM을 활용한 연구에서 실제 사용에 대한 예측에 주의가 필요함을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The study aims to identify the effects of the user's perception and behavioral intention to use on actual usage based on the log data of LMS in order to empirically verify the relationship between the behavioral intention to use and actual usage of the Technology Acceptance Model. A survey of 1,281 students from A university was conducted on the LMS. Actual usage data were referred to as interaction by filtering data that accessed learning resources including instructional materials, videos, links, and external learning resources among the logs recorded in LMS and data that occurred in learning activities including bulletin board, assignments, quizzes, discussions, and team activities. Because actual usage differed in teaching activities by courses, learners' interaction quantity was normalized by course and the average scores were calculated. To clarify the causal relationship, the structural relationship was analyzed using the data from the LMS during the next semester after the survey. The results show that the structural relationship between learners' perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and behavioral intention to use has resulted in a consistent result with the TAM, but the model with actual usage is not suitable. In other words, it was confirmed that there is a correlation between intention to use and actual usage, but that intention to use is limited to predicting actual usage. It was discussed that attention should be paid to the prediction of actual usage in conducting research using TAM.
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