이행기 정의의 확장: 콜롬비아 다층적 기억 공간을 중심으로

Abstract

Since the 20th century, societies afflicted by war and violence have relied on transitional justice to confront past atrocities, restore justice, and guarantee victims’ rights. Yet transitional justice extends beyond legal and political frameworks, encompassing struggles over how violence is remembered and which narratives acquire legitimacy. In this context, memory spaces serve as crucial mediators between institutions and society, shaping both the scope and inclusivity of justice discourses. Colombia’s protracted armed conflict, which has left nearly ten million victims, vividly illustrates these tensions. While the Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2011 established institutional memory policies, alternative initiatives also emerged, including victimled mobile museums and indigenous territorialspiritual practices. These innovative efforts, however, have likewise faced criticisms such as urban bias and expertcentered approaches. Against this backdrop, this study examines how state, civic, and community memory spaces contribute to the expansion of transitional justice. Specifically, it compares three labors of memory: (1) institutionalized spaces such as the House of Memory Museum, (2) citizenled mobile museums, and (3) communitybased spiritual rituals. The analysis demonstrates that institutional spaces articulate truth in a national register but remain vulnerable to political shifts; mobile museums foreground local agency and foster collaborative frameworks; and indigenous labors of memory maintain autonomy through selective engagement with state institutions. Taken together, these practices show that transitional justice is not a linear process but a multilayered and flexible one. The article argues for the need to move beyond fact and lawcentered approaches toward a more inclusive language of justice—one that embraces the plurality and complexity of social memory.