진실ㆍ화해위원회 이후: 아르헨티나와 페루의 배ㆍ보상과 추모 정책
After the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC): The Policy of Reparations and Commemoration in Argentina and Peru.
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This article tries to examine what followed after the official activities of the Argentine CONADEP(Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas) and the Peruvian TRC. The Argentine example along with its official report titled Nunca Más was regarded as a model case that the subsequent similar commissions would have to consult. After a long pause of forgetting and indifference, the Argentine civilian governments succeeded in resuming the processes of transitional justice, caring for the victims’ rights to truth and justice,providing them with reparations, and even putting the military perpetrators on trial. In contrast, the Peruvian case, in spite of the comprehensive recommendations of the TRC, exemplified a complex and unfavorable situation in which the longstanding tripartite strife hindered the successive governments from propelling effective policies of reparations and reconciliation. In both countries, reparations entailed acts of restoring what had been lost and giving something, whether symbolic or material, to victims equivalent to a loss to compensate harm. Neither truth nor justice, including economic reparations,was able to repair the loss of victims, but such measures provided recognition for victims and contributed to better individual and collective processes of dealing with the tragic past. The policy of reconciliation included not only reparations but also a continuing dynamic confrontation with the past, in other words, an exercise of memorialization through institutional and state-sponsored commemoration. In Argentina and Peru, these programs of reconciliation at the level of the state worked in the form of building monuments for victims and opening security archives, though it is too early to judge whether such development of levels of reconciliation could be identified as solid democratization and culture of peace and human rights.
Abstract
This article tries to examine what followed after the official activities of the Argentine CONADEP(Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas) and the Peruvian TRC. The Argentine example along with its official report titled Nunca Más was regarded as a model case that the subsequent similar commissions would have to consult. After a long pause of forgetting and indifference, the Argentine civilian governments succeeded in resuming the processes of transitional justice, caring for the victims’ rights to truth and justice,providing them with reparations, and even putting the military perpetrators on trial. In contrast, the Peruvian case, in spite of the comprehensive recommendations of the TRC, exemplified a complex and unfavorable situation in which the longstanding tripartite strife hindered the successive governments from propelling effective policies of reparations and reconciliation. In both countries, reparations entailed acts of restoring what had been lost and giving something, whether symbolic or material, to victims equivalent to a loss to compensate harm. Neither truth nor justice, including economic reparations,was able to repair the loss of victims, but such measures provided recognition for victims and contributed to better individual and collective processes of dealing with the tragic past. The policy of reconciliation included not only reparations but also a continuing dynamic confrontation with the past, in other words, an exercise of memorialization through institutional and state-sponsored commemoration. In Argentina and Peru, these programs of reconciliation at the level of the state worked in the form of building monuments for victims and opening security archives, though it is too early to judge whether such development of levels of reconciliation could be identified as solid democratization and culture of peace and human rights.
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