Examining the Effect of Older Adults’ AI Speaker Experience on Loneliness: The Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy and Life Satisfaction
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Older adults are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which may result in adverse psychological outcomes and various social costs. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to explore effective strategies for managing loneliness by building social relationships directly. This study aims to present an indirect strategy for mitigating loneliness of older adults by employing AI speakers. We used a structural equation model with survey data from 448 AI speaker users who lived alone and were over 65 years old. The results revealed that the older adults’ AI speaker experience was positively associated with digital self-efficacy, which improved their life satisfaction. Furthermore, life satisfaction reduced loneliness. We explain this fully mediated path with the undo effect of positive emotions. The findings identified that loneliness can be alleviated indirectly by fostering cognitive processes through the development of psychological resources. We also discuss how emerging technology improves older adults’ psychological assets and well-being.
Abstract
Older adults are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which may result in adverse psychological outcomes and various social costs. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to explore effective strategies for managing loneliness by building social relationships directly. This study aims to present an indirect strategy for mitigating loneliness of older adults by employing AI speakers. We used a structural equation model with survey data from 448 AI speaker users who lived alone and were over 65 years old. The results revealed that the older adults’ AI speaker experience was positively associated with digital self-efficacy, which improved their life satisfaction. Furthermore, life satisfaction reduced loneliness. We explain this fully mediated path with the undo effect of positive emotions. The findings identified that loneliness can be alleviated indirectly by fostering cognitive processes through the development of psychological resources. We also discuss how emerging technology improves older adults’ psychological assets and well-being.
참고문헌 (71)
- Akhter-Khan, S. C., "Understanding and Addressing Older Adults’ Loneliness : The Social Relationship Expectations Framework", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17456916221127218 (2022)
- Baltaci, H. Ş., "Perceived social support, depression and life satisfaction as the predictor of the resilience of secondary school students : The case of Burdur", Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15, pp.111~130 (2015)
- Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy : Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change", Psychological Review, 84(2), pp.191~215 (1977)
- Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy: the Exercise of Control" (1997), Freeman
- Self-efficacy as a predictor of life satisfaction in older adults, "Charrow, C. B.", Adelphi University, School of Social Work, ~ (2006)
- Chen, C., "Understanding barriers and design opportunities to improve healthcare and QOL for older adults through voice assistants", Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp.1~16 (2021)
- Chen, S. C., "A social robot intervention on depression, loneliness, and quality of life for Taiwanese older adults in long-term care", International Psychogeriatrics, 32(8), pp.981~991 (2020)
- Chen, Y., "Internet use among young and older adults : Relation to psychological well-being", Educational Gerontology, 28(9), pp.731~744 (2002)
- 최송식, "노인의 고독감에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 도농복합지역을 중심으로", 한국노년학, 29(4), pp.1277~1293 (2009), 한국노년학회
- Chopik, W. J., "The benefits of social technology use among older adults are mediated by reduced loneliness", Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(9), pp.551~556 (2016)
- Chung, J., "Attitudes and perceptions toward voice-operated smart speakers among low-income senior housing residents : Comparison of pre-and post-installation surveys", Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 7 (2021)
- Cohn, M. A., "Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology", pp.13~24 (2009), Oxford University Press
- Compeau, D. R., "Computer self-efficacy : Development of a measure and initial test", MIS Quarterly, 19(2), pp.189~211 (1995)
- Dahlberg, L., "Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic", Aging & Mental Health, 25(7), pp.1161~1164 (2021)
- Davis, F. D., "Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology", MIS Quarterly, 13(3), pp.319~340 (1989)
- De Jong Gierveld, J., "Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships", pp.485~500 (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Di Giacomo, D., "Psychological barriers to digital living in older adults : Computer anxiety as predictive mechanism for technophobia", Behavioral Sciences, 9(9), pp.96~102 (2019)
- Diener, E., "Subjective well-being : The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index", American Psychologist, 55(1), pp.34~43 (2000)
- Diener, E. D., "The satisfaction with life scale", Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), pp.71~75 (1985)
- Diener, E., "Subjective well-being : Three decades of progress", Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), pp.276~302 (1999)
- Eastin, M. S., "Internet self-efficacy and the psychology of the digital divide", Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 6(1), pp.JCMC611~ (2000)
- Effendi, M., "Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)for adversity quotient(AQ)instrument among youth", Journal of Critical Reviews, 6(6), pp.234~242 (2019)
- Erzen, E., "The effect of loneliness on depression : A meta-analysis", International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(5), pp.427~435 (2018)
- Fernández-Ballesteros, R., "The contribution of socio-demographic and psychosocial factors to life satisfaction", Ageing & Society, 21(1), pp.25~43 (2001)
- Foglia, L., "Embodied cognition", Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Cognitive Science, 4(3), pp.319~325 (2013)
- Fokkema, T., "Escape loneliness by going digital : A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a Dutch experiment in using ECT to overcome loneliness among older adults", Aging & Mental Health, 11(5), pp.496~504 (2007)
- Fornell, C., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), pp.39~50 (1981)
- Fredrickson, B. L., "Positive emotions broaden and build", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, pp.1~53 (2013), Academic Press
- Fredrickson, B. L., "The undoing effect of positive emotions", Motivation and Emotion, 24(4), pp.237~258 (2000)
- Gerino, E., "Loneliness, resilience, mental health, and quality of life in old age : A structural equation model", Frontiers in Psychology, 8, pp.2003~ (2017)
- Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis with readings" (1994), Macmillan Publishing Company
- Hassenzahl, M., "The thing and I: Understanding the relationship between user and product", pp.31~42 (2003), Springer
- Heo, J., "Internet use and well-being in older adults", Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(5), pp.268~272 (2015)
- Hughes, M. E., "A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys : Results from two population-based studies", Research on Aging, 26(6), pp.655~672 (2004)
- Kim, M., "Experience of digital music services and digital self-efficacy among older adults : Enjoyment and anxiety as mediators", Technology in Society, 67, pp.101773~ (2021)
- Kim, S., "Exploring older adults’ perception and use of smart speaker-based voice assistants : A longitudinal study", Computers in Human Behavior, 124, pp.106914~ (2021)
- 김시월, "노인소비자의 유형별 삶의 질 차이 연구", 소비자정책교육연구, 17(2), pp.111~132 (2021), 한국소비자정책교육학회[DOI]
- Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., "Life satisfaction and suicide : A 20-year follow-up study", American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(3), pp.433~439 (2001)
- Kulviwat, S., "Self-efficacy as an antecedent of cognition and affect in technology acceptance", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 31(3), pp.190~199 (2014)
- Lakoff, G., "Review of Philosophy in the Flesh : The embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought", Computational Linguistics, 25(4), pp.631~634 (1999)
- Lara, E., "Does loneliness contribute to mild cognitive impairment and dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies", Ageing Research Reviews, 52, pp.7~16 (2019)
- Latikka, R., "Self-efficacy and acceptance of robots", Computers in Human Behavior, 93, pp.157~163 (2019)
- 이영애, "노인소비자의 인적자본 및 사회적 자본이 노동시장 참여와 삶의 질에 미치는 영향", 소비자정책교육연구, 12(1), pp.177~202 (2016), 한국소비자정책교육학회[DOI]
- Li, C. P., "Life satisfaction as a predictor of mortality hazard among elderly people in the United Kingdom and Taiwan", Journal of Nursing Research, 21(1), pp.26~38 (2013)
- Luszczynska, A., "Effects of a self-efficacy intervention on initiation of recommended exercises in patients with spondylosis", Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1), pp.26~40 (2007)
- Maciejewski, M. L., "Quasi-experimental design", Biostatistics & Epidemiology, 4(1), pp.38~47 (2020)
- Mitzner, T. L., "Older adults talk technology : Technology usage and attitudes", Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), pp.1710~1721 (2010)
- Investigating personal intelligent agents in everyday life through a behavioral lens, "Moussawi, S.", City University of New York, ~ (2016)
- Newcomer, K. E., "Handbook of practical program evaluation", pp.7~35 (2015), John Wiley and Sons, Inc
- Nunnally, J. C., "Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders", pp.97~146 (1978), Plenum Press
- 오영은, "사회적관계망 크기와 지역사회공동체의식이 단독가구 농촌노인의 고독감에 미치는 영향 - 독거노인가구와 노인부부가구 비교를 중심으로 -", 한국지역사회복지학, (43), pp.555~580 (2012), 한국지역사회복지학회
- O’Rourke, H. M., "Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: A scoping review", BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), pp.214~ (2018)
- Perlman, D., "Toward a social psychology of loneliness", Personal Relationships, 3, pp.31~56 (1981)
- Preacher, K. J., "Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models", Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), pp.879~891 (2008)
- Russell, D. W., "UCLA Loneliness Scale(Version 3) : Reliability, validity, and factor structure", Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, pp.20~40 (1996)
- Schutte, N. S., "The broaden and build process : Positive affect, ratio of positive to negative affect and general self-efficacy", The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(1), pp.66~74 (2014)
- Sengupta, K., "Challenges and opportunities of leveraging intelligent conversational assistant to improve the well-being of older adults", Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1~4 (2020)
- Shapira, N., "Promoting older adults’ well-being through Internet training and use", Aging Mental Health, 11(5), pp.477~484 (2007)
- Statistics for Older Adults in 2020, "Statistics Korea", ~ (2020)
- Stevic, A., "Age matters : A panel study investigating the influence of communicative and passive smartphone use on well-being", Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(2), pp.176~190 (2021)
- 서은국, "단축형 행복 척도(COMOSWB) 개발 및 타당화", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 25(1), pp.95~113 (2011), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
- Thatcher, J. B., "An empirical examination of individual traits as antecedents to computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy", MIS Quarterly, 26(4), pp.381~396 (2002)
- Veenhoven, R., "Developments in satisfaction"research", Social Indicators Research, 37(1), pp.1~46 (1996)
- Venkatesh, V., "A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use : Development and test", Decision Sciences, 27(3), pp.451~481 (1996)
- Wang, X., "Subjective well-being associated with size of social network and social support of elderly", Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), pp.1037~1042 (2016)
- Weiss, R. S., "Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation" (1973), MIT Press
- Weiss, R. S., "Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy", pp.71~80 (1982)
- Wollenberg, A., "Consumer behaviour in the smartphone market in Vietnam", International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(6), pp.412~416 (2014)
- Zhang, K., "Social media communication and loneliness among older adults : The mediating roles of social support and social contact", The Gerontologist, 61(6), pp.888~896 (2021)
- Zhong, C. B., "Washing away your sins : Threatened morality and physical cleansing", Science, 313(5792), pp.1451~1452 (2006)
- Zhou, J., "Improving older people's life satisfaction via social networking site use : Evidence from China", Australasian Journal on Ageing, 37(1), pp.23~28 (2018)
