한국 인문지리학의 ‘동물 전환’을 위하여 : 영미 동물지리학의 발전과 주요 쟁점
Animal Geographies for More-than-human Geographies in and of Korea
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반려동물 사육 인구 천만 명을 넘어서면서, 최근 한국 사회에서 동물에 대한 대중적·정책적 관심이 빠른 속도로 높아지고 있다. 그러나 국내 인문지리학 연구에서 동물은 아직까지 본격적인 연구 대상으로 다뤄지지 못하고 있다. 이 같은 동물에 대한 ‘침묵’은 동물지리학이 인문지리학의 한 분야로 자리 잡은 영미 지리학계의 상황과 대조된다. 지난 20여 년간 동물지리학자들은 비인간 동물의 행위성(agency)과 인간-동물의 감응적(affective) 상호작용을 탐색함으로써 동물지리학을 인간 너머 지리학(more-than-human geography)의 이론적·경험적 프론티어로 발전시켜왔다. 특히 이들은 인간과 구별되는 동물의 차이를 존중하고, 이를 번성(flourishing) 케 할 것을 요구하는 혁신적 인간-동물 관계를 모색해 왔다. 이는 인간과 동물의유사성에 주목하고 동물 학대의 종식을 목표로 하는 현실 동물 해방 운동의 입장과 구분된다. 이 논문은 한국 인문지리학 연구의 지평을 인간-동물 관계로 확장하기 위한 탐색적 연구로, 영미 동물지리학의 연구 동향을 소개하고, 국내 동물지리학 연구가 개입할 수 있는 지점들을 검토해 보고자 한다. 먼저, 1990년대 중반 영미 인문지리학에서 출현한 ‘새로운’ 동물지리학의 발전 과정과 특징을 살펴본다. 이어 영미 동물지리학에서 발전시켜 온 주요 이론적 접근법(사회적 생산·구성주의적 접근, 관계적 접근, 생명정치적 접근)을 대표 연구 성과와 함께 소개한다. 마지막으로, 최근 영미 동물지리학 연구의 주요 쟁점 네 가지를 소개하고, 국내 동물지리학 연구가 개입하고 발전시킬 수 있는 지점들을 살펴본다.
Abstract
Animals have recently become an important part of South Korean social and political life. The number of pets has rapidly increased, while the government has introduced a series of animal welfare and biosecurity policies. However, unlike “the animal turn” of the society, the Korean geographical scholarship has so far remained uninterested in human-animal relations. Such silence on animals provides a stark contrast to Anglophone geographies within which animal geography has established itself as a sub-discipline of human geography. As a way of addressing the animal gap in Korean human geography, this paper discusses key concepts and seminal work of animal geographies. It first outlines the disciplinary development of animal geographies during the past two decades. It then reviews key approaches to human-animal relations: animals as social construction and production; relational approaches; and more-than-human biopolitics. Then it considers four selected themes in recent studies of animal geographies, paying particular reference to South Korean animal controversies. These themes are related to methods, ethics, political economy and animals’ geographies.
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- 최우리, "반려동물 인구 1천만 시대 … 대선공약 오른 동물복지", 한겨레, ~ (2017)
