장애인 체육선수의 성폭력 피해 발생과 외상 후 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 헤크만 2단계 모형분석 -
Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Sexual Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress in Athletes with Disabilities - Heckman Two-Stage Model Analysis -
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장애인 체육선수의 성폭력 피해 위험과 그로 인한 외상 후 스트레스가 심각함에도 불구하고, 이 주제에대한 국내 실증연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 연구 공백을 해소하기 위해, 본 연구는 2019년에 실시된“장애인 체육선수 인권상황 실태조사” 자료를 활용하였고, 장애인 체육선수 1,562명 대상으로 성폭력피해 여부와 외상 후 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 헤크만 2단계 모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 대도시 거주, 대인 및 단체 종목 참여, 성폭력에 대한 간접 노출, 권위적 위계 관계의존재 등이 성폭력 피해 위험 증가와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이, 가해자가 다른 팀 소속이거나, 장애인 선수가 2차 피해를 경험한 경우에 외상 후 스트레스의 심각성이 유의하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 장애인 체육선수 대상 성폭력 예방과 피해자 지원을 위한 정책 및 실천적제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Despite the seriousness of the risk of sexual violence and post-traumatic stress among athletes with disabilities, there is a lack of empirical research on this topic in Korea. To address this gap, utilizing data from the "2019 Survey on Human Rights Situation of Athletes with Disabilities", the Heckman two-stage model was employed to analyze the factors affecting sexual violence victimization and post-traumatic stress among a sample of 1,562 athletes with disabilities. The results demonstrated that residing in metropolitan areas, participation in dyadic and team sports, indirect exposure to sexual violence, and the presence of authoritarian hierarchical relationships were associated with an increased risk of sexual violence victimization. Moreover, the findings revealed that when the perpetrator was from another team and the athlete experienced secondary victimization, the severity of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher. Based on these findings, the study proposed policy and practical recommendations for the prevention of sexual violence and support for victims among athletes with disabilities.
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