삶의 질과 상대적 박탈의 지리학: 1981~1991년간 런던시를 중심으로
Geography of Quality of Life: Deprivation of London for 1981~1991
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초록
‘삶의 질’과 ‘상대적 박탈’에 대한 시·공간적 연구는 복지정책 수립 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기때문에 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 삶의 질과 상대적 박탈지수는 생활환경과 사회·경제적 차원의 변수를 통합하여 도출되곤 한다. 일반적으로 이 두 개의 차원에 속한 변수가 높은 상관관계를 지니고 있다면, 가장대표성 있는 통합 지수를 산출할 수 있는 것이다. 이 연구는 영국 런던시의 1981~1991년 간 원격탐사기법에서 도출된 생활환경 변수와 인구 센서스 자료에서 수집된 사회·경제적 변수를 통합하여 삶의 질/상대적 박탈지수를 산출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 생활환경 변수와 사회·경제적 변수 사이에는 높은 상관관계가 있음이 파악되었다. 따라서 원격탐사 기법과 주성분분석이 삶의 질/상대적 박탈지수를 도출하는 데 효과적으로 사용되었다. 또한, 1981년과 1991년 사이 런던 도심의 삶의질은 외곽지역보다 열악했으며, 도심 지역 중에서도 동부지역이 서부지역보다 삶의 질이 낮았다. 정책적함의로서 런던 도심 내에 거주하는 시민은 경제적 어려움뿐 아니라 환경적 불이익을 경험하고 있다고할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 보다 많은 공공재원이 런던 도심 중 동부지역에 집중되어야 함을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
The indices of quality of life and deprivation are significant as they provide a baseline information for public policies and welfare distribution. They frequently are derived by integrating environmental and socio-economic variables as the two domains are highly correlated. This study aims to derive the indices of quality of life and deprivation for London 1981-1991 using remote sensing image processing and statistical methods. The main findings of this study are that the variables of environments and socio-economics are highly correlated. Therefore, remotely sensed image processing and principal components analysis are useful to derive the indices of quality of life and deprivation. Furthermore, the inner city has been consistently deprived for a given period of time. As a policy implication, it suggests that the more public funds should be allocated to the eastern parts of Inner London in order to relieve deprivation and increase the quality of life.
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