16~19세기 파타고니아 원주민에 대한 유럽인의 인식 변화: 신화에서 과학으로
Epistemological Shifts in European Conceptions of Patagonian Indigenous Peoples (16th–19th Centuries): From Mythic Representations to Scientific Observation
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This article examines how European perceptions of the indigenous peoples of Patagonia evolved from mythical constructs to empirically grounded representations between the 16th and 19th centuries. After Fernão de Magalhães’s expedition reached the region in 1520, Spain formally claimed Patagonia, though it remained beyond effective colonial control. In this context, Magalhães famously described the natives as giants, contributing to the enduring myth of the “land of giants” in the European imagination. A gradual epistemological shift emerged through the scientific expeditions of Antonio de Córdoba and Alessandro Malaspina in the late 18th century, and Alcide d’Orbigny in the early 19th century. These expeditions marked the transition from fantastical depictions to systematic observation, reflecting the growing impact of Enlightenment science and Eurocentric classification systems on the construction of indigenous identities.
Abstract
This article examines how European perceptions of the indigenous peoples of Patagonia evolved from mythical constructs to empirically grounded representations between the 16th and 19th centuries. After Fernão de Magalhães’s expedition reached the region in 1520, Spain formally claimed Patagonia, though it remained beyond effective colonial control. In this context, Magalhães famously described the natives as giants, contributing to the enduring myth of the “land of giants” in the European imagination. A gradual epistemological shift emerged through the scientific expeditions of Antonio de Córdoba and Alessandro Malaspina in the late 18th century, and Alcide d’Orbigny in the early 19th century. These expeditions marked the transition from fantastical depictions to systematic observation, reflecting the growing impact of Enlightenment science and Eurocentric classification systems on the construction of indigenous identities.