본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Effectiveness of CALL Vocabulary and Silent Sustained Reading on TOEIC Scores

0

조회

0

다운로드

13

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류영어와문학

초록

TOEIC continues to be an important test in Asia and TOEIC preparation classes are as popular as they have ever been. Little research has been done, however, to determine the most effective ways to help students prepare for this test. This study sought to analyze the impact of explicit TOEIC instruction when supplemented with Silent Sustained Reading (SSR) and an online vocabulary learning program. Four combinations of these practices were tested: (1) explicit instruction supplemented by online vocabulary instruction, 2) a combination of explicit instruction, SSR and online vocabulary practice, 3) explicit instruction supplemented by SSR, and 4)explicit instruction only. Total time for instruction and practice were kept constant among the four groups. Due to between-group differences on pre-test TOEIC scores,an ANCOVA analysis was used. On total TOEIC scores, all groups made significant and statistically equal gains. However, on an analysis of the reading portion of the TOEIC results, group 2 (combination of explicit instruction, SSR, and online vocabulary practice) outperformed group 4 (explicit practice only group). The author concludes that the combination of all three practices had a synergistic effect on the reading portion of the test and led to superior gains.

Abstract

TOEIC continues to be an important test in Asia and TOEIC preparation classes are as popular as they have ever been. Little research has been done, however, to determine the most effective ways to help students prepare for this test. This study sought to analyze the impact of explicit TOEIC instruction when supplemented with Silent Sustained Reading (SSR) and an online vocabulary learning program. Four combinations of these practices were tested: (1) explicit instruction supplemented by online vocabulary instruction, 2) a combination of explicit instruction, SSR and online vocabulary practice, 3) explicit instruction supplemented by SSR, and 4)explicit instruction only. Total time for instruction and practice were kept constant among the four groups. Due to between-group differences on pre-test TOEIC scores,an ANCOVA analysis was used. On total TOEIC scores, all groups made significant and statistically equal gains. However, on an analysis of the reading portion of the TOEIC results, group 2 (combination of explicit instruction, SSR, and online vocabulary practice) outperformed group 4 (explicit practice only group). The author concludes that the combination of all three practices had a synergistic effect on the reading portion of the test and led to superior gains.

참고문헌 (40)

  1. Agawa, G., "Effects of web-based vocabulary training for TOEIC", JALT 2010 Conference Proceedings (2011)
  2. Bahrick, H. P., "Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, pp.1~29 (1984)
  3. Boldt, R. F., "The impact of training type and time on TOEIC scores, In TOEIC Research Summary #3" (1998), Chauncey Group International
  4. Beglar, D., "Revising and validating the 2000 word level and university word level vocabulary tests", Language Testing, 16(2), pp.131~162 (1999)
  5. "Journal of the College of Industrial Technology Nihon University", 2003, 27~42
  6. Chujo, K., "Comparing the three specialized vocabularies used in ‘Business English,’ TOEIC", Practical English Studies, 11, pp.1~15 (2004)
  7. Chujo, K., "Bridging the vocabulary gap : From EGP to EAP", JACET Bulletin, 37, pp.73~84 (2003)
  8. Chujo, K., "How many words do you need to know to understand TOEIC, TOEFL & EIKEN? An examination of text coverage and high frequency vocabulary", The Journal of ASIA TEFL, 6(2), pp.121~148 (2009)
  9. Falout, J. J., "Focused tasks on proceduralized TOEIC® learning strategies. The interface between interlanguage, pragmatics and assessment", Proceedings of the 3rd annual JALT Pan-SIG conference. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Keizai University (2004)
  10. Falout, J. J., "A four-year longitudinal case study on a Japanese college laboratory of science majors preparing for the TOEIC", JALT 2005 Conference Proceedings, pp.1140~1151 (2005), JALT
  11. Haladyna, T. M., "Raising standardized achievement test scores and the origins of test score pollution", Educational Researcher, 20(5), pp.20~25 (1991)
  12. Hamp-Lyons, L., "Ethical test preparation practice : The case of the TOEFL", TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), pp.329~337 (1998)
  13. Grabe, W., "Teaching and researching reading" (2002), Pearson Education Ltd
  14. Kanzaki, M., "Vocabulary size, TOEIC scores, and testwiseness, In JALT 2009 Conference Proceedings" (2010), JALT
  15. Krashen, S. D., "Explorations in language acquisition and use: The Taipei lectures" (2003), Heinemann Publishers
  16. "TOEIC Newsletter #89" (2005)[URL]
  17. Laufer, B., "What percentage of text lexis is essential for comprehension?, In Special language: From humans thinking to thinking machines", pp.316~323 (1989), Multilingual Matters
  18. Laufer, B., "How much lexis is necessary for reading comprehension?, In Vocabulary and applied linguistics", pp.126~132 (1992), Macmillan
  19. Lee, S. Y., "A one-year study of SSR : University level EFL students in Taiwan", The International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 2(1), pp.6~8 (2006)
  20. Lougheed, L., "Longman preparation series for the new TOEIC test, introductory course (4th ed.)" (2006), Pearson Education Inc
  21. Manning, M., "silent reading: An update of the research, In Revisiting silent reading", pp.112~128 (2010), International Reading Association
  22. McCraken, R. A., "Initiating sustained silent reading", Journal of Reading, 14(8), pp.521~524 (1971)
  23. 스캇마일즈, "Benefits of Using CALL Vocabulary Programs to Provide Systematic Word Recycling", 영어교육, 63(1), pp.199~216 (2008), 한국영어교육학회
  24. "The pitfalls of implementing TOEIC preparation courses" (2003)[URL]
  25. Mizumoto, A., "Exploring the driving forces behind TOEIC scores : Focusing on vocabulary learning strategies, motivation, and study time", JACET Journal, 46, pp.17~32 (2008)
  26. Nation, I. S. P., "Learning vocabulary in another language" (2001), Cambridge University Press
  27. Nation, I. S. P., "Vocabulary, In An introduction to applied linguistics", pp.35~54 (2002), Oxford University Press, Inc
  28. Measurement-driven reform : Research on policy, practice, repercussion, "Noble, A. J.", Arizona State University, CSE, ~, pp.CSE Technical Report, 381 (1994)
  29. Pan, Y. C., "Enhancing students’ communicative competency and test-taking skills through TOEIC preparatory materials", TESOL Journal, 3, pp.81~91 (2010)
  30. Pendergast, T., "English language proficiency gains in an integrated self-access program class of 2005 Part 2 : The ETS test battery", Shitennoji University Journal, 49, pp.355~369 (2010)
  31. Petrimoulx, J., "Sustained silent reading in an ESL class: A study", Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (22nd, Chicago, IL) (1988)
  32. "An investigation into the effect of targeted vocabulary learning using a spaced repetition flashcard system on TOEIC scores. Aoyama Gakuin Women’s Junior College Minutes, 2011. 55-62" (2011)[URL]
  33. Pilgreen, J. L., "A “stacked for success” sustained silent reading program for high school English language development students (ELD): It’s impact of reading comprehension attitudes toward reading, frequency of outside reading, and range of reading sources" (1994)
  34. Pimsleur, P., "A memory schedule", Modern Language Journal, 51(2), pp.73~75 (1967)
  35. Qian, D., "Assessing the roles of depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension", Canadian Modern Language Review, 56, pp.282~238 (1999)
  36. Robb, T., "A study of the effect of direct test preparation on the TOEIC scores of Japanese university students", TESOL-EJ, 3(4) (1999)
  37. Smith, K., "Integrating one hour of in-school weekly SSR: Effects on proficiency and spelling", International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1), pp.1~7 (2010)
  38. Storey, C. W., "Can extensive reading boost TOEIC scores?", JALT (2006)
  39. Tanimura, M., "Reading materials for learning TOEIC vocabulary based on corpus data", JACET BULLETIN, 42, pp.81~95 (2006)
  40. Wiesendanger, K., "The effectiveness of SSR : An overview of the research", Reading Horizons, 24, pp.195~201 (1984)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)