송은(松隱) 박익(朴翊)의 시문에 나타난 사상적 지향과 문학적 특징

Abstract

Song-eun Park Ik was a literary figure who was active in the mid to late 14th century. After passing the state examination, he held official positions such as Vice Minister of Rites (禮部) and Assistant Tutor to the Crown Prince. However, one day he abandoned all government posts and returned to his hometown of Miryang. Although the exact timing and motive of his retreat are unclear, it is presumed to be related to the political turmoil surrounding the dethronement of King U and the enthronement of King Chang following General Yi Seong-gye's withdrawal from Wihwado in 1388. He briefly returned to Gaegyeong to serve again but went back to his hometown after the fall of Goryeo in 1392. Unlike the more active resistance shown by figures like Poeun Jeong Mong-ju, Song-eun chose the more passive route of seclusion—Nakhyang (落鄕)—as his form of dissent, a path that was common among many intellectuals of the time. His ideology, particularly his views on officialdom and his life trajectory, offer valuable insight into the inner world of a scholar navigating the transitional period between the end of Goryeo and the beginning of Joseon. Throughout his life, Song-eun maintained relationships with prominent contemporaries such as Mok-eun Yi Saek(牧隱), Poeun Jeong Mong-ju(鄭夢周), Jeongjae Park Eui-jung(朴宜中), Yaeun Gil Jae(吉再), Chundang Byeon Jung-ryang(卞仲良), Yongheon Yi Won(李原), and Yangyeolgong Yi Ji-ran(李之蘭).Many of the 20 extant classical Chinese poems by Song-eun are correspondences with these individuals. These works vividly illustrate his intellectual connections, differences in political perception, and his philosophy regarding the role of a scholar-official. As such, they are not only valuable for understanding Song-eun himself but also serve as important sources for studying the literary thought of late Goryeo literati. Additionally, prose works in the <Collected Writings of Song-eun> include two admonitions(箴), one piece of a commentary(箋), one memorial text(祭文), and one posthumous letter(遺書). These works further reflect his ideology, political competence, and network of scholarly relations. Song-eun's ideological orientation can be summarized as a commitment to righteousness (義) and integrity (志操)—themes that permeate his literary writings. His deep friendships with figures such as Jeong Mong-ju, Gil Jae, and Park Eui-jung are closely tied to these ideals. For intellectuals living through the tumultuous transition from Goryeo to Joseon, the issue of whether to continue serving in government was crucial. Having passed the state exam and attained high office, many experienced the fall of a dynasty and the rise of another. They had to decide what stance to take amid such upheaval. Scholars of the time can largely be categorized into four groups: 1. Those who actively dedicated themselves to preserving the Goryeo dynasty, 2. Those who actively participated in the founding of the new Joseon dynasty, 3. Those who sympathized with Goryeo but took a passive approach, such as resigning from office and returning to their hometowns, 4. Those who did not initially participate in the founding of Joseon but later accepted government positions under the new regime. It is not appropriate to judge which of these paths was right or wrong, as each had its own rationale and historical validity. Song-eun belonged to the third category. Other figures in this group include Gil Jae and Won Cheon-seok. However, even within this group, closer examination of their post-retirement lives and emotional transformations reveals individual differences.