대학교육의 가치와 교양교육의 중요성 －경제적 접근
The Value of College Education and General Education －Economic Perspectives
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초록
이 논문은 대학교육과 교양교육의 가치를 경제적인 관점에서 고찰하였다. 주요한 발견은 다음과같다. 첫째, 대학교육의 1년 평균 투자수익률은 노동시장의 수요와 공급의 상황에 따라 변화하지만, 한국의 경우 대략 9%~17%로 추정되어서 다른 투자보다 매우 높은 수준이다. 둘째, IT 등의 기술이급속히 발전하여 주어진 환경이 급변하는 경우가 안정적인 경우보다 대학교육에 대한 수익은 더 높은것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 급변하는 환경에 잘 적응하기 위해서는 인적자본의 축적에 있어 전문교육(professional education)보다는 교양교육(general education)이 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 향후4차 산업혁명으로 기술 진보가 가속화되어 사회의 불확실성이 커지면 교양교육의 효과는 더욱 커질것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
This paper discusses the economic value of college education as well as general education. Major findings are as follows: First, the rate of return to one more year of education in college, in Korea, ranges from 9% to 17%, depending on the demand and supply conditions in the labor market. Second, the returns to education increase when the economic environment is in the dynamic and rapidly changing state rather than it is in the steady state. Finally, “general education” is more important than “professional education” to adapt the rapidly changing environment. The importance of the “general education” will be greater as the fourth industrial revolution brings more uncertainty to the society.
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