무인점포의 서비스스케이프가 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Impact of Servicescape in Unmanned Stores on Perceived Warmth and Competence
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 급속도로 성장하고 있는 새로운 형태인 무인점포를 대상으로 무인점포의 서비스스케이프가 고객반응에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구는 무인점포의 서비스스케이프로 주변요소, 공간배치 및 기능성, 그리고 표시판 및 상징물로 구분하고 이러한 서비스스케이프가 고객의 지각된 따뜻함과 지각된 유능함에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 무인점포의 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함이 재방문의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구의 연구 대상자는 무인점포를 사용한 경험이 있는 고객으로 하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 색상, 조명, 향기, 배경음악 등으로 이루어진 주변요소가 지각된 따뜻함에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공간배치 및 기능성이 지각된 유능함에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 표시판 및 상징물은 지각된 유능함에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함이 재방문의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 가지는 이론적 시사점은 물리적 점포에서 주로 언급한 서비스스케이프를 인적요소가 없는 무인점포로 확장하여 제시함으로써 점포 내 환경적 요소의 중요성을 재조명하고 있다. 또한 실무적 시사점은 기업에게 무인점포의 서비스스케이프 관리에 대한 인식을 제고시킴과 동시에 운영효율성, 인건비 절감에만 초점을 맞출 것이 아니라 고객의 심리적 측면까지 고려하여 서비스스케이프를 설계해야 함을 제안하고 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the servicescape of unmanned stores—an emerging retail format that is rapidly gaining popularity—on customer responses. The research classifies the servicescape of unmanned stores into three key components: ambient conditions, spatial layout and functionality, and signage and symbols. It then explores how these elements influence customers' perceptions of warmth and competence. Furthermore, the study examines the effect of perceived warmth and competence on the intention to revisit unmanned stores. Given that unmanned stores operate without human employee, the warmth and functional competence typically provided by employees must be conveyed through the design of the servicescape. The study was conducted with customers who have experience using unmanned stores. The findings are as follows: First, ambient conditions such as color, lighting, scent, and background music were found to have a significant impact on perceived warmth. Second, spatial layout and functionality were shown to significantly affect perceived competence, whereas signage and symbols did not have a significant effect on perceived competence. Third, both perceived warmth and competence were found to significantly influence the intention to revisit the store. Theoretical implications of this study extend the concept of servicescape—traditionally applied to physical stores—to unmanned stores, which lack human elements. This expansion highlights the importance of the servicescape in shaping customer experiences in this new retail format. From a practical standpoint, the study suggests that companies should not solely focus on operational efficiency and labor cost reduction. Instead, they should design the servicescape by considering the psychological aspects of customers, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of servicescape management in unmanned stores.
참고문헌 (55)
- 강성배, "무인점포의 서비스스케이프가 소비자 행동의도에 미치는 영향", 정보시스템연구, 31(1), pp.91~113 (2022)
- 강성철, "무인점포 고객의 이용의도에 미치는 영향분석 : 프랜차이즈 가맹점 중심으로", 디지털콘텐츠학회논문지, 19(7), pp.1313~1322 (2018)
- 김세준, "미술관 내 외식업체의 서비스스케이프, 고객기대, 성과, 재방문의 관계 연구", 상품학연구, 32(4), pp.139~174 (2014)
- 김제범, "무인편의점 환경적 특성과 이용고객 인적 특성이 정서적 경험, 감정적 만족, 충성도에 미치는 영향", 유통연구, 26(3), pp.83~113 (2021)
- 김지원, "부티크 호텔 로비에서의 조명연출방식에 의한 디자인 컨셉 표현", 한국실내디자인학회 논문집, 28(6), pp.96~106 (2019)
- 나병진, "셀프계산대형 무인매장에서 고객경험이 언택트 성향을 매개로 재방문의도에 미치는 영향", 대한경영학회지, 35(1), pp.1~33 (2022)
- 배기형, "중국 무인점포의 마케팅 믹스요인이 소비자 체험과 만족도에 미치는 영향", 유통경영학회지, 23(4), pp.129~144 (2020)
- 백미영, "O2O를 활용한 서비스 산업에서 고객의 심리적 주인의식과 서비스 스케이프가 고객시민행동 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향", 상품학연구, 35(5), pp.75~86 (2016)
- 윤미정, "무인매장의 물리적 환경이 경제적 가치 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향", 한국조리학회지, 27(11), pp.198~205 (2021)
- 윤재석, "리테일테크 시대, 서비스 표준화를 위한 무인점포 사례 연구", 표준인증안전학회지, 12(3), pp.131~145 (2022)
- 이국희, "영상의 색온도와 향의 감성적 일치가 영상실감 향상에 미치는 효과", 한국HCI학회 논문지, 10(1), pp.29~41 (2015)
- 이남경, "4차 산업혁명 시대 무인편의점의 성공요인에 대한 제언 : 이마트 24 셀프 스토어 사례 중심으로", 한국산업정보학회논문지, 26(2), pp.73~94 (2021)
- 이슬아, "무인매장 서비스스케이프의 속성이 고객 경험에 미치는 영향", 한국공간디자인학회 논문집, 15(8), pp.285~297 (2020)
- 정옥경, "무인매장특성과 고객경험이 고객인게이지먼트에 미치는 영향 : 언택트성향의 조절효과를 중심으로", 유통연구, 25(2), pp.69~98 (2020)
- Aaker, J., "Nonprofits Are Seen as Warm and For-Profits as Competent : Firm Stereotypes Matter", Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), pp.224~237 (2010)
- Aaker, J., "Cultivating Admiration in Brands: Warmth, Competence, and Landing in the “Golden Quadrant”", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.191~194 (2012)
- Baek, E., "Using Warmth as the Visual Design of a Store: Intimacy, Relational Needs, and Approach Intentions", Journal of Business Research, 88(C), pp.91~101 (2018)
- Becker, F. D., "Housing Messages" (1977), Hutchinson & Ross Publisher
- Bernritter, S. F., "Why Nonprofits are Easier to Endorse on Social Media : The Roles of Warmth and Brand Symbolism", Journal of Interactive Marketing, 33(1), pp.27~42 (2016)
- Bitner, M. J., "Servicescapes : The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees", Journal of Marketing, 56(2), pp.57~71 (1922)
- Blodgett, J. G., "The Effects of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice on Postcomplaint Behavior", Journal of Retailing, 73(2), pp.185~210 (1997)
- Brady, M. K., "Strategies to Offset Performance Failures : The Role of Brand Equity", Journal of Retailing, 84(2), pp.151~164 (2008)
- Chernev, A., "Doing Well by Doing Good : The Benevolent Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility", Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), pp.1412~1425 (2015)
- Cuddy, A. J., "Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception : The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map", Experimental Social Psychology, 40, pp.61~149 (2008)
- Davis, T. R., "The Influence of the Physical Environment in Offices", Academy of Management Review, 9(2), pp.271~283 (1984)
- Devine, I., "Implicit Claims : The Role of Corporate Reputation in Value Creation", Corporate Reputation Review, 4(1), pp.42~49 (2001)
- Diamantopoulos, A., "Explicit Versus Implicit Country Stereotypes as Predictors of Product Preferences : Insights from the Stereotype Content Model", Journal of International Business Studies, 48(8), pp.1023~1036 (2017)
- Du, S., "Reaping Relational Rewards from Corporate Social Responsibility : The Role of Competitive Positioning", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(3), pp.224~241 (2007)
- Elliot, A. J., "Color Psychology : Effects of Perceiving Color on Psychological Functioning in Humans", Annual Review of Psychology, 65, pp.95~120 (2014)
- Fiske, S. T., "Universal Dimensions of Social Cognition : Warmth and Competence", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), pp.77~83 (2007)
- Fiske, S. T., "A Model of(Often Mixed)Stereotype Content : Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), pp.878~902 (2002)
- Fournier, S., "Brands as Relationship Partners : Warmth, Competence, and in-between", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), pp.177~185 (2012)
- Goldsmith, R. E., "The Impact of Corporate Credibility and Celebrity on Consumer Reaction to Advertisements and Brands", Journal of Advertising, 29(3), pp.43~54 (2000)
- Gorn, G. J., "Mood, Awareness, and Product Evaluation", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3), pp.237~256 (1993)
- Green, T., "How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Create Value for Consumers?", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(1), pp.48~56 (2011)
- Guo, B., "Deepstore : Understanding Customer Behaviors in Unmanned Stores", IT Professional, 22(3), pp.55~63 (2020)
- Hoegg, J., "The Impact of Candidate Appearance and Advertising Strategies on Election Results", Journal of Marketing Research, 48(5), pp.895~909 (2011)
- Hui, M. K., "Perceived Control and the Effects of Crowding and Consumer Choice on the Service Experience", Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), pp.174~184 (1991)
- Krusemark, E. A., "When the Sense of Smell Meets Emotion : Anxiety-State-Dependent Olfactory Processing and Neural Circuitry Adaptation", Journal of Neuroscience, 33(39), pp.15324~15332 (2013)
- Labrecque, L. I., "Exciting Red and Competent Blue : The Importance of Color in Marketing", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), pp.711~727 (2012)
- Maher, A. A., "The Affective and Cognitive Components of Country Image : Perceptions of American Products in Kuwait", International Marketing Review, 28(6), pp.559~580 (2011)
- Meuter, M. L., "Self-Service Technologies : Understanding Customer Satisfaction with Technology-Based Service Encounters", Journal of Marketing, 64(3), pp.50~64 (2000)
- Park, H. J., "Technology Readiness and Technology Paradox of Unmanned Convenience Store Users", Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, 65(C), pp.1~9 (2022)
- Peter, C., "The Risk of Omitting Warmth Or Competence Information in Ads : Advertising Strategies for Hedonic And Utilitarian Brand Types", Journal of Advertising Research, 58(4), pp.423~432 (2018)
- Riley, M. W., "Dexterity Performance and Reduced Ambient Temperature", Human Factors, 26(2), pp.207~214 (1984)
- Rosenbaum, M. S., "An Expanded Servicescape Perspective", Journal of Service Management, 22(4), pp.471~490 (2011)
- Suh, Y., "Cultural Appropriation and the Country of Origin Effect", Journal of Business Research, 69(8), pp.2721~2730 (2016)
- Susan, F., "A Model of(often Mixed)Stereotype Content : Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), pp.878~902 (2002)
- Torkzadeh, S., "Customer Engagement and Participation Behavior : The Underlying Mechanisms of the Virtual Servicescape and Service Outcomes", e-Service Journal, 13(2), pp.1~26 (2021)
- Wakefield, K. L., "The Effect of The Servicescape on Customers' Behavioral Intentions in Leisure Service Settings", Journal of Services Marketing, 10(6), pp.45~61 (1996)
- Wineman, J. D., "Office Design and Evaluation : An Overview", Environment and Behavior, 14(3), pp.271~298 (1982)
- Wojciszke, B., "Morality and Competence in Person and Self-Perception", European Review of Social Psychology, 16(4), pp.155~188 (2005)
- Wu, H. C., "Service Innovation, Experiential Relationship Quality and Shopping Outcomes in a Smart Unmanned Store", Journal of Marketing Communications, 30(3), pp.344~367 (2024)
- Yalch, R. F., "An Environmental Psychological Study of Foreground and Background Music as Retail Atmospheric Factors", AMA Educators’Conference Proceedings (1988)
- Yzerbyt, V. Y., "Compensation Versus Halo : The Unique Relations Between the Fundamental Dimensions of Social Judgment", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), pp.1110~1123 (2008)
