문제중심학습(PBL) 관련 국내 연구 동향 분석
Analysis of Domestic Research Trends related to Problem Based Learning (PBL)
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초록
국내에서 진행된 문제중심학습(PBL) 관련 연구 동향을 분석하기 위하여 학술연구정보서비스(RISS)를 검색하여 최근10년간 등재학술지에 게재된 PBL 관련 논문 405편을 수집하였다. 전반적인 연구 동향을 파악하기 위하여 연도별 발간 편수추이와 주제어 빈도를 분석하였다. 연구 동향의 상세한 분석을 위하여 연구대상, 연구분야, 연구방법, 효과변인의 네 가지범주로 분석틀을 구성하여 선정한 논문을 분석하고 하위 범주별 빈도와 비율을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 연구방법 중에서 실험연구, 개발 및 실험연구에서 선정한 효과변인의 연구대상별, 연구분야별 동향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 최근10년간 연도별 평균 발간 편수는 33.8편으로 2013년 15편 이후 꾸준히 그 이상의 논문이 발간되었다. 주제어 분석 결과 가장높은 빈도를 나타내는 것은 ‘문제해결능력’, ‘자기주도학습’, ‘플립러닝’ 등이었다. 연구대상은 대학 수준의 연구가 가장 많았으며, 연구분야는 인문사회 분야, 문화예술 분야, 자연공학 분야의 순으로 나타났다. 연구방법은 개발 및 실험연구가 가장 빈번히 수행되었고, 효과변인으로는 만족도, 학업성취도가 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 연구대상별 효과변인을 분석한 결과 초등, 중등, 고등의 학령기 대상 연구에서는 대학대상 연구에 비해 문제해결능력, 자기주도학습능력, 협업능력 등의 역량이 상대적으로낮은 빈도 및 비율을 나타냈다. 연구분야별 효과변인을 분석한 결과 융합분야를 제외하고 만족도가 가장 높은 비율을 보였으며 인문사회 분야와 문화예술 분야에서는 문제해결능력, 자연공학분야에서는 학업성취도가 뒤를 이었다. 연구결과를 토대로PBL 관련 연구 분야 현황을 진단하고 후속연구 방향 설정을 위한 시사점을 제안하였다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the research trends related to Problem-Based Learning (PBL) conducted in South Korea, by examining 405 PBL-related articles published in indexed academic journals over the past 10 years. These articles were collected through the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). The number of articles published annually and the frequency of key words were analyzed to understand the overall research trends. For a more detailed analysis of the research trends, a framework con sisting of four categories—subjects, discipline fields, research methods, and effect variables—was constructed to analyze the collected articles. The frequency and proportion for each subcategory were calculated. Lastly, effect variables selected in ‘experi mental research’ and ‘development and experimental research’ were analyzed to identify the trends based on subjects and discipline fields. The findings showed that the average number of articles published per year over the past decade was 33.8, with the number consistently exceeding 15 articles per year since 2013. The most frequent keywords were ‘problem solving ability’, ‘self-directed learning’, and ‘flipped learning’. Most of the research focused on university-level subjects, with the most common discipline fields coming in the order of ‘humanities and social sciences’, ‘culture and arts’, and ‘natural sciences and engineering’. In terms of research methods, ‘development and experimental research’ was the most common and the most frequently examined effect vari ables were ‘satisfaction’ and ‘academic achievement’. In analyzing effect variables by discipline fields, excluding the interdisciplin ary field, ‘satisfaction’ was the most common across all fields except interdisciplinary studies. ‘Problem solving ability’ was the second most frequent in ‘humanities and social sciences’ and ‘culture and arts’ fields, while ‘academic achievement’ was the second most frequent in ‘natural sciences and engineering’field. Based on these findings, the study assessed the current status of PBL-related research fields, and proposed implications for future research directions.
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