대량탈북 발생 대비 긴급수용에 대한 고찰: 특별법 제정을 중심으로

Abstract

The possibility exists that a sudden crisis in North Korea could trigger mass defections. While the likelihood may be low, without sufficient preparation and control measures, South Korean society could face serious disruption. Contingency planning is essential. This study analyzes possible crisis scenarios in North Korea, the causes and scale of mass defection, and the South Korean government’s response strategies for a large influx of North Korean defectors. By examining the limitations of the current Act on the Protection and Settlement Support of North Korean Defectors, this study highlights the need for a Special Act on the Emergency Reception and Protection of North Korean Defectors. The study also offers recommendations on key factors to consider in drafting and enacting such legislation. In particular, in drafting the Special Act on the Emergency Reception and Protection of North Korean Defectors, several key considerations must be taken into account. First, a dedicated department should be created to handle emergency reception tasks for a mass defection, and recommendations must be made regarding defectors entering through third countries. Second, plans must be established for expanding inter-Korean transit offices and for operating temporary reception centers when large numbers of defectors arrive. Third, after their entry into South Korea, issues arising concerning initial residence need to be addressed. Finally, a clear approach is needed to provide social adaptation education for many of these individuals.