Resisting, Sharing, and Empowering Together: Unfolding the (Her)Stories of Community-Building in Joy Harjo’s Early Poetry
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article contextualizes the early poetry of Joy Harjo within the politics and legacy of Native rights activism. To arrive at a valid analysis and discussion based on the historical and biographical specifics, the article focuses on Harjo’s poems produced mostly during the climactic era of Native rights activism in the mid-1970s through the mid-80s, along with several interviews and recent memoirs in which the poet reveals the details of her own activism and association with related activist-writers. By doing so, this article demonstrates how Harjo, as an activist-writer and poet-warrior, delivers a powerful voice in articulating a sense of community and solidarity among Native peoples. The Muskogee/Creek writer employs inclusive storytelling modes and topics to weave stories of Native women and other women of color, thereby broadening the vision of the women’s communities. She particularly recovers and foregrounds the silenced or unheard voices of Native and other minority, especially Black, women activists that might otherwise be forgotten. Through the flexible, creative use of poetic techniques and humanistic, yet decolonial perspectives and imagination, the poet addresses the communal stories of Native peoples’ resistance, survival, and empowerment.
Abstract
This article contextualizes the early poetry of Joy Harjo within the politics and legacy of Native rights activism. To arrive at a valid analysis and discussion based on the historical and biographical specifics, the article focuses on Harjo’s poems produced mostly during the climactic era of Native rights activism in the mid-1970s through the mid-80s, along with several interviews and recent memoirs in which the poet reveals the details of her own activism and association with related activist-writers. By doing so, this article demonstrates how Harjo, as an activist-writer and poet-warrior, delivers a powerful voice in articulating a sense of community and solidarity among Native peoples. The Muskogee/Creek writer employs inclusive storytelling modes and topics to weave stories of Native women and other women of color, thereby broadening the vision of the women’s communities. She particularly recovers and foregrounds the silenced or unheard voices of Native and other minority, especially Black, women activists that might otherwise be forgotten. Through the flexible, creative use of poetic techniques and humanistic, yet decolonial perspectives and imagination, the poet addresses the communal stories of Native peoples’ resistance, survival, and empowerment.
참고문헌 (47)
- Anuonye, Darlington Chibueze, "Joy Harjo in Conversation with Darlington Chibueze Anuonye", The Hopkins Review (2024)
- Brand, Johanna, "The Life and Death of Anna Mae Aquash" (1978), Jame Lorimer
- Bruchac, Joseph, ed, "Song from This Earth on Turtle’s Back" (1983), Greenfield Review Press
- Carpenter, Cari M, "Seeing Red : Anger, Sentimentality, and American Indians" (2008), Ohio State UP
- Coltelli, Laura, "Winged Words : American Indian Writers Speak" (1990), U of Nebraska P
- Deloria, Vine. Jr., "The Nations Within : The Past and Future of American Indian Sovereignty" (1984), U of Texas P
- Gould, Janice, "American Indian Women’s Poetry : Strategies of Rage and Hope", Signs, 20(4), pp.797~817 (1995)
- Gunn Allen, Paula, "The Sacred Hoop : Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions" (1986), Beacon
- Harjo, Joy, "An American Sunrise" (2019), Norton
- Harjo, Joy, "Crazy Brave: A Memoir" (2012), Norton
- Harjo, Joy, "How We Became Human : New and Selected Poems 1975-2002" (2002), Norton
- Harjo, Joy, "In Mad Love and War" (1990), Wesleyan UP
- Harjo, Joy, "Joy Harjo on Being a Poet and Witness to History" (2023), Literary Hub
- Harjo, Joy, "Poet Warrior : A Memoir" (2021), Norton
- Harjo, Joy, "A Poetic Legacy of Native Continuance", pp.183~186 (2009), U of New Mexico P
- Harjo, Joy, "Re: Inquiry", E-mail to Seonghoon Kim, ~ (2014)
- Harjo, Joy, "She Had Some Horses" (1983), Thunder’s Mouth
- Harjo, Joy, "The Last Song" (1975), Puerto Del Sol
- Harjo, Joy, "The Woman who Fell from the Sky : Poems" (1994), Norton
- Harjo, Joy, "What Moon Drove Me to This?" (1979), Reed Books
- Hussain, Azfar, "Joy Harjo and Her Poetics as Praxis : A ‘Postcolonial’ Political Economy of the Body, Land, Labor, and Language", Wicazo Sa Review, 15(2), pp.27~61 (2000)
- Jaimes, M. Annette, "The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance", pp.311~344 (1992), South End
- Jaskoski, Helen, "A MELUS Interview: Joy Harjo", MELUS, 16(1), pp.5~13 (1989)
- Johnson, Troy R, "Red Power : The Native American Civil Rights Movement" (2007), Chelsea House
- Josephy, Alvin M. Jr., "Red Power : The American Indians’ Fight for Freedom" (1999), U of Nebraska P
- Kim, Seonghoon, "‘We Have Always Had These Many Voices’ : Red Power Newspapers and a Community of Poetic Resistance", American Indian Quarterly, 39(3), pp.271~301 (2015)
- Kim, Seonghoon, "Writing ‘Mother Earth’ : Red Power Newspapers, Environmental Justice, and Simon J. Ortiz’s Poetry", MELUS, 41(2), pp.147~175 (2016)
- Krouse, Susan Applegate, "Keeping the Campfires Going : Native Women’s Activism in Urban Communities" (2009), U of Nebraska P
- Lang, Nancy, "‘Twin Gods Bending over’ : Joy Harjo and Poetic Memory", MELUS, 18(3), pp.41~49 (1993)
- Langston, Donna Hightower, "American Indian Women’s Activism in the 1960s and 1970s", Hypatia, 18(2), pp.114~132 (2003)
- Leen, Mary, "An Art of Saying : Joy Harjo’s Poetry and the Survival of Storytelling", American Indian Quarterly, 19(1), pp.1~16 (1995)
- Lindfleisch, Brian, "‘Slaying the Sun Woman’ : the Legacy of Annie Mae Aquash", Graduate History Review, 3(1), pp.89~102 (2011)
- Lorde, Audre, "The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde" (2000), Norton
- Lorde, Audre, "Sister Outsider : Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde" (2007), Crossing Press
- Mihesuah, Devon Abbott, "Native American Women : Decolonization, Empowerment, Activism" (2003), U of Nebraska P
- Parini, Jay, "The Columbia History of American Poetry" (1993), Columbia UP
- Park, Mikyung, "Joy Harjo’s Poetics of Transformation : Recovery of Identity and Female Solidarity through the Transformation of Memory", Feminist Studies in English Literature, 29(1), pp.25~59 (2021)
- Scarry, John, "Representing Real Worlds : The Evolving Poetry of Joy Harjo", World Literature Today, 66(2), pp.286~291 (1992)
- Schröder, Nicole, "Spaces and Places in Motion : Spatial Concepts in Contemporary American Literature" (2006), Narr Francke Attempto
- Shreve, Bradley G, "Red Power Rising : The National Indian Youth Council and the Origins of Native Activism" (2011), U of Oklahoma
- Smith, Stephanie Izarek, "Joy Harjo : An Interview by Stephanie Izarek Smith", Poets & Writers Magazine, 21(4), pp.22~27 (1993)
- Solider, Layli Long, "Beyond Language: Joy Harjo on Writing Her Life in Poetry", Poetry Foundation, ~ (2024)
- Teuton, Sean K, "Red Land, Red Power : Grounding Knowledge in the American Indian Novel" (2008), Duke UP
- Tinker, George E., "Defending Mother Earth: Native American Perspectives on Environmental Justice", pp.153~176 (1997), Orbis
- Tohe, Laura, "There is No Word for Feminism in My Language", Wicazo Sa Review, 15(2), pp.103~110 (2000)
- Wilson, Norma C., "Handbook of Native American Literature", pp.437~444 (1996), Garland
- Womack, Craig S, "Red on Red : Native American Literary Separatism" (1999), U of Minnesota P