아프리카 종교연구의 최근 동향과 전망: 서구의 아프리카 종교이해의 한계와 현상학적 대안
Recent Trends and Prospect in the Study of African Religions: Limitations in Western Understanding of African Religions and the Alternative Approach of Phenomenology
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The academic concern on African religions has recently increased among the scholars of religious studies. This paper examines the characteristics and limitations in European understanding of Africa and African religions, which has been formed by European scholars under colonialism and imperial expansion in the 20th century. Islam, Christianity, and African traditional (or indigenous) religion have dominated in the African continent. Inter-religious encounters (or conflicts), transformations, and new religious movements motivate Western scholars to re-examine African religions and their changes. First, I give a historical outline of African religions in West, East and South Africa. Then, taking an example of peoples from each area, I explain the system of deities, rituals, and religious communities. Second, I explore two trends of African religious studies: ①culture-oriented model and ② politics-oriented one. Comparing Lamin Sanneh's works with David Chidester's ones, I emphasize the difference of their emphasis. Sanneh explores inter-religious dimension in West Africa, while Chidester debunks the political and racial intention behind the academic study of religions in South Africa. Third, I mention British scholars of phenomenology of religion, including George Parrinder, Ninian Smart, and Andrew Walls. Criticizing previous evolutionary schemes and rationalistic approaches, they proposed morphological analyses of African religions and systematic anatomy of African deities, rituals, and religious communities. In conclusion, I point out the limitations of Western scholars, missionaries, and African nationalist in the study of African religions by summarizing the criticisms of Okot u'Bitek on Western hellenization of African religions. Then, I suggest three points which should be explored in further study of African religions: ① Christian-Muslim relation in the African context, ② African Christianity and its diversity, and ③ African religion and cultures.
Abstract
The academic concern on African religions has recently increased among the scholars of religious studies. This paper examines the characteristics and limitations in European understanding of Africa and African religions, which has been formed by European scholars under colonialism and imperial expansion in the 20th century. Islam, Christianity, and African traditional (or indigenous) religion have dominated in the African continent. Inter-religious encounters (or conflicts), transformations, and new religious movements motivate Western scholars to re-examine African religions and their changes. First, I give a historical outline of African religions in West, East and South Africa. Then, taking an example of peoples from each area, I explain the system of deities, rituals, and religious communities. Second, I explore two trends of African religious studies: ①culture-oriented model and ② politics-oriented one. Comparing Lamin Sanneh's works with David Chidester's ones, I emphasize the difference of their emphasis. Sanneh explores inter-religious dimension in West Africa, while Chidester debunks the political and racial intention behind the academic study of religions in South Africa. Third, I mention British scholars of phenomenology of religion, including George Parrinder, Ninian Smart, and Andrew Walls. Criticizing previous evolutionary schemes and rationalistic approaches, they proposed morphological analyses of African religions and systematic anatomy of African deities, rituals, and religious communities. In conclusion, I point out the limitations of Western scholars, missionaries, and African nationalist in the study of African religions by summarizing the criticisms of Okot u'Bitek on Western hellenization of African religions. Then, I suggest three points which should be explored in further study of African religions: ① Christian-Muslim relation in the African context, ② African Christianity and its diversity, and ③ African religion and cultures.
참고문헌 (40)
- 데이비스 치데스터, "새비지 시스템 - 식민주의와 비교종교" (2008), 경세원
- 안신, "아프리카 종교 연구의 다양성: 에반스-프릿차드와 음비티의 연구를 중심으로U", 종교학연구, (25), pp.1~26 (2006)
- 안신, "스코틀랜드 종교현상학파의 기원: 니니안 스마트와 앤드류 월스를 중심으로", 종교문화연구, (9), pp.155~175 (2007)
- 안신, "조나단 스미스의 종교현상학 연구: 형태론과 비교론을 중심으로", 철학과 현상학 연구, ((34)), pp.5~29 (2007), 한국현상학회
- 안신, "이슬람 다와와 기독교 선교에 대한 비교 연구: 폭력과 비폭력의 경계를 중심으로", 종교연구, 통권((50)), pp.219~245 (2008), 한국종교학회
- 존 아일리프, "아프리카의 역사" (2002), 이산
- 존 아일리프, "아프리카의 역사" (2002), 이산
- Bediako, Kwame, "Christianity in Africa: The Renewal of a Non-Western Religion" (1995), Edinburgh University Press
- Blakely, "Religion in Africa" (1994), James Currey
- Chidester, David, "Christianity: A Global History" (2000), Penguin
- Chidester, David, "Religion in South Africa: From Colonialism to Globalization", 서강대학교 종교연구소 해외석학 초청강연 발표집, pp.1~21 (2008)
- Chidester, David, "African Religion and World Religious Studies", 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 해외석학 초청강연 발표집, pp.11~28 (2008)
- Cox, James, "Rites of Passage in Contemporary Africa" (1998), Cardiff Academy Press
- Cox, James, "Rational Ancestors" (1998), Cardiff Academy Press
- Cox, James, "A Guide to the Phenomenology of Religion" (2006), T & T Clark
- Ela, Jean-Marc, "African Cry, trans" (1986), Orbis Books
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E, "Nuer Religion" (1956), Oxford University Press
- Hackett, Rosalind I. J, "Art and Religion in Africa" (1996), Cassell
- Idowu, E. Bolaji, "African Traditional Religion" (1973), SCM Press
- Ludwig, Frieder, "European Traditions in the Study of Religion in Africa" (2004), Harrassowitz
- Lumbala, F. Kabasele, "Celebrating Jesus Christ in Africa: Liturgy & Inculturation" (1998), Orbis Books
- Mbiti, John. S, "African Religions and Philosophy" (1969), Heinemann
- Mbiti, John. S, "Concepts of God in Africa" (1970), SPCK
- Noss, John B, "Man's Religions, 5th ed." (1974), Collier Macmillan Publishers
- Oxtoby, Willard G, "World Religions-Western Traditions" (1996), Oxford University Press.
- Parrinder, George, "Witchcraft: European & African" (1958), Faber & Faber
- Parrinder, George, "Religion in Africa" (1969), Penguin Books
- Parrinder, George, "Mysticism in the World's Religions" (1976), Sheldon Press
- p'Bitek, Okot, "African Religions in Western Scholarship" (1971), East African Literature Bureau
- Sanneh, Lamin, "Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture" (1989), Orbis
- Sanneh, Lamin, "Translatibility in Islam & Christianity in Africa, In Religion in Africa", pp.23~45 (1994), James Currey
- Sanneh, Lamin, "The Crown and the Turban: Muslims and West African Pluralism", Westview Press
- Shorter, Aylward, "Prayer in the Religious Traditions of Africa" (1975), Oxford University Press
- Shorter, Aylward, "African Religions, In A New Handbook of Living Religions", pp.562~580 (1997), Blackwell Publishers
- Smart,Ninian, "The World Religions - Old Traditions and Modern Transformations" (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Smart, Ninian, "Dimensions of the Sacred: An Anatomy of the World's Belief" (1996), HarperCollins Publishers
- Smith, Huston, "The World's Religions: Our Great Wisdom Traditions" (1991), HarperCollins
- Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, "The Faith of Other Men" (1962), Harper & Row
- Turner. H. W, "History of an African Independent Church" (1967), Clarendon Press
- Walls, Andrew, "Primal Religious Traditions in Today's World in : Religion in Today's World", pp.250~278 (1987), T & T Clark