朝鮮時代 從政圖 놀이의 향유와 관련 詩文들에 대한 고찰

Abstract

This study collected, reviewed, and analyzed the records of Jongjeongdo(從政圖) game enjoyed by ancestors during Joseon Dynasty and literary works that wrote about Jongjeongdo game. The attempt to conduct such research stems from two reasons. Firstly, existing studies had inadequate data collection. Secondly, even within the available data, there was little interest, especially in poems created based on Jongjeongdo game, which led to a failure in uncovering the reasons Korean forefathers enjoyed play to such an extent. The analysis results showed that Jongjeongdo game was widely enjoyed throughout Joseon Dynasty and that scholars learned lessons from playing Jongjeongdo game. Jongjeongdo game is a traditional board game with names of ranking positions written on each square. The players roll a dice and move their horse pieces along the board according to the last number of the dice. The player who arrives the highest ranking first and retires wins. Jongjeongdo is similar to modern board games. In Jongjeongdo game, the rules reflect the characteristics of actual ranking positions to prevent the game from getting boring. As the player moves up to the higher-ranking positions, it gets harder to get promoted. The game also prevents the players from dropping out even after receiving a penalty. The game rules adjust the difficulty of game and allow a possibility of reversal. These show that Jongjeongdo game was carefully designed for joy of players. Jongjeongdo game was made by Ha Ryun(河崙, 1347~1416) during the early Joseon Dynasty, and he referred to a board game named Seongbuldo(成佛圖) from Goryeo Dynasty. Jongjeongdo was also influenced by the board games from China. Jongjeongdo game was enjoyed throughout all periods of Joseon Dynasty. It is often mentioned in official national records, such as [Annals of Joseon dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)] and 『The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty(承政院日記)』. For example, records say that people in royal palace enjoyed Jongjeongdo game the last day of the year and that group of people enjoying Jongjeongdo game was mistaken and investigated for rebellion. The 21st king, King Yeongjo(英祖, 1724~1776) also often used the rules of Jongjeongdo game when discussing with his officials. There are also personal diaries that record about enjoying Jongjeongdo game. The 『Mukjae’s diary(默齋日記)』 written by Yi Mun-geon(李文楗, 1494~1567) showed that he enjoyed Jongjeongdo game during his exile in Seongju. 『The War diary(亂中日記)』 by Yi Sun-shin(李舜臣, 1545~1598) also record that Jongjeongdo game was enjoyed by the time when the war was in state of lull. The 『Swaemirok(瑣尾錄)』 by Oh Hui-mun(吳希文, 1539~1613), who lived a life as a refugee during Imjin War(壬辰倭亂), also record about enjoying Jongjeongdo game. Jongjeongdo game was a comfort for ancestors in tough times such as exile, war, and evacuation. There are also 32 records from 『Injae’s diary(忍齋日錄)』 by Jo Geuk-sun(趙克善, 1595~1658) on enjoying Jongjeongdo game. The game was widely loved by people throughout Joseon Dynasty, but it gradually lost popularity after abolishment of state examination system. The game maintained its popularity until the late 1920s, but only few people played the game in the late 1930s. The scholars of Joseon Dynasty often wrote about Jongjeongdo in their poetry and prose. These literary works are valuable for demonstrating how the scholars of Joseon Dynasty enjoyed Jongjeongdo game and learned lessons compared to fragmentary and monotonous diary records. The scholars talked about feeling emptiness at the end of game after immersing in the game and discussed what they realized about actual life as an official. The scholars also pointed out the educational values of Jongjeongdo game, encouraged the readers to play the game, and advised to keep the virtue learned from Jongjeongdo game when serving as an official.