AI 언어 처리 기술이 국가 언어정책에 미치는 영향 연구: 불가리아 사례 분석을 중심으로

Abstract

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) language technology on Bulgarian national language policy through literature-based analysis and comparative approach. Drawing on Spolsky (2004), Blommaert (2010), Shohamy (2006), Kramsch (2021), and Bender et al. (2021), the research analyzes how AI tools challenge traditional language policy frameworks in Bulgaria. The study reveals a critical mismatch between language practice (widespread AI tool usage), language ideology (linguistic nationalism versus technological pragmatism), and language management (policy fragmentation). Bulgaria's "Digital Bulgaria 2025" (2019) lacks language technology sections, while the "AI Development Strategy Until 2030" (Ministry of Transport, 2020) explicitly addresses natural language processing and Bulgarian language systems as national priorities. However, these policies remain dispersed across documents with insufficient integration and unclear implementation. Comparative analysis of Estonia (integrated roadmap), Latvia (balanced guidelines), Slovakia (EU cooperation), and Bulgaria (fragmented response) demonstrates that policy integration matters more than mere policy existence. Despite fragmentary-level digital resources per the European Language Equality Project (2022), Bulgaria lags in policy coherence and execution. The findings indicate risks including digital marginalization, cultural distortion in AI-mediated communication, and deepening linguistic inequality. The study proposes redefining language sovereignty through integrated frameworks, building institutional collaboration between digital and AI strategies, and implementing culturally grounded AI literacy education.