백제 가람의 삼단계 위계를 갖는 가구식기단 연구

Abstract

The foundation made of processed subsidiary materials which was found mostly at temples only was one of the most highly developed forms of technology employed for building works in Baekje era with its uppermost beautiful aspect of architecture. It was usually built in the form of double, single and abridged ones in line with the order of ranks from the pagoda and main building of a temple, as space for Buddha, to the lecture hall, as space for Buddhist priests, and to the middle gate, corridor and Buddhist nunnery,as space for living quarters of monks. Such foundation appeared first from the site of Neungsan-ri Temple, as its double form was used only at the sites of the main pagoda and building. Subsequently, an example of single-layer foundation was found at the site of the lecture hall of Wangheung Temple while not a 3-layer-rank structure of the foundation made exclusively of processed subsidiary materials has yet been seemingly excavated there so far. Since, however, some usage of the abridged form was confirmed from excavation at the sites of the lecture hall in Geumgang Temple and the main building at the temple site in Yeondong-ri, Iksan-si, it is believed that 3-layer structure of foundation was fully established starting already around 600 AD. As evidences for this, signs of 3-layer structures were shown at the site for the main building and lecture hall of Daegwan Temple and in some part of building sites to its eastern side. The perfect 3-layer decorative structure of the foundation made of processed subsidiary materials could be found along the internal edge of the corridor built later at the inauguration of Jeseok and Mireuk Temples. In other word, it may be said that the structure of the foundation made of processed subsidiary materials developed progressively in parallel with completion of royal-run Buddhist temples that were finished in order of Neungsan-ri, Wangheung, Daegwan, Jeseok and Mireuk Temples as shown in their sites, respectively. During the period of Iksan, the perfect form of such foundation could be found in terms of installation of column-shaped subsidiary materials at both sides of foundation or stones used for stairs,witnessing creative spirit of the people in the era of Baekje Kingdom who did not stop pursuing something new for perfection.