1957년-1958년 中國共產黨의 “地方民族主義”비판 - 신장위구르자치구를 중심으로 -
Chinese Communist Party's Struggle against Local Nationalism during 1957-1958 - Focus on the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region -
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The Rectification Campaign and Anti-Rightist Struggle in 1957 become turning points in modern Chinese history of politics, and the regions of ethnic minorities were no exception. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which began in 1956, reached its culmination in a way of involving non-party democratic people and intellectuals in the spring of 1957 where the Rectification Campaign was in full swing. During the Hundred Flowers Campaign, not a few people including intellectuals from ethnic minority groups presented their opinions on the issues of ethnic minorities such as the system of regional ethnic autonomy, minority nationality cadres policy, socialist transformation and construction in the regions, etc in response to CCP’s appeal which emphasized the active participation in the movement. However, soon the turmoil of the Anti-Rightist Struggle hit in the regions of ethnic minorities and then the majority of people who presented the ideas during the Rectification Campaign was classified as local nationalists, Rightists hidden in the party, anti-communists and anti-socialists, and was harshly criticized, was expelled from the party, and was discharged from the office. Such struggle against local nationalists continued to the period of the Great Leap Forward. I grapple with the point that CCP’s struggle against local nationalism, which began from Anti-Rightist Struggle, is not an individual event in the Xinjiang region, but is closely tied to the policy change of the central government in the process of realizing the ideal of the construction of Chinese socialism. Especially, in the transitional period to the Great Leap strategy, which is Maozedong’s drastic economic development strategy presented in the third plenum in the eighth national congress of the communist party of China, CCP discarded conciliatory policy towards ethnic minorities, and took a radical policy which had been applied in Han Chinese regions. In the course of it, the CCP’s struggle against local nationalists provides a major basis in removing ethnic minority intellectuals and people who showed skepticism towards and had different opinions on the policy of the GLF and did not carry out the policy in an active way as well as in weakening their power and in reestablishing the governing legitimacy in the regions.
Abstract
The Rectification Campaign and Anti-Rightist Struggle in 1957 become turning points in modern Chinese history of politics, and the regions of ethnic minorities were no exception. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which began in 1956, reached its culmination in a way of involving non-party democratic people and intellectuals in the spring of 1957 where the Rectification Campaign was in full swing. During the Hundred Flowers Campaign, not a few people including intellectuals from ethnic minority groups presented their opinions on the issues of ethnic minorities such as the system of regional ethnic autonomy, minority nationality cadres policy, socialist transformation and construction in the regions, etc in response to CCP’s appeal which emphasized the active participation in the movement. However, soon the turmoil of the Anti-Rightist Struggle hit in the regions of ethnic minorities and then the majority of people who presented the ideas during the Rectification Campaign was classified as local nationalists, Rightists hidden in the party, anti-communists and anti-socialists, and was harshly criticized, was expelled from the party, and was discharged from the office. Such struggle against local nationalists continued to the period of the Great Leap Forward. I grapple with the point that CCP’s struggle against local nationalism, which began from Anti-Rightist Struggle, is not an individual event in the Xinjiang region, but is closely tied to the policy change of the central government in the process of realizing the ideal of the construction of Chinese socialism. Especially, in the transitional period to the Great Leap strategy, which is Maozedong’s drastic economic development strategy presented in the third plenum in the eighth national congress of the communist party of China, CCP discarded conciliatory policy towards ethnic minorities, and took a radical policy which had been applied in Han Chinese regions. In the course of it, the CCP’s struggle against local nationalists provides a major basis in removing ethnic minority intellectuals and people who showed skepticism towards and had different opinions on the policy of the GLF and did not carry out the policy in an active way as well as in weakening their power and in reestablishing the governing legitimacy in the regions.
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