윤동주 시에 나타난 '영성 세계'의 순례 - '어머니'에서 '그리스도'에로 혹은 '그리움'에서 '사랑'에로 이르는 길

Abstract

This study aims to consider the unconscious world and spirituality in Yun Dong-ju’s poetry. Existing Yun Dong-ju’s poetry world has been discussed mainly his pain and introspection about the colonial situation in the period of Japanese occupation. However, in this study, it seeks to explore his unconscious world implied in his poetry as analyzing his poetry with psychoanalytical methodology. As a result, the suffering, pain, sorrow, loneliness, and yearning in his poetry are not drawn from the reality of lost sovereignty, but rather it was from the loss of ‘a big thing (la Chose)’ called ‘Mother’ who was an object of ‘the first perfect satisfaction’. Therefore, his poetry is that is to seek ‘a big thing’, a real world. According to Lacan, men desire the first object of love that lost and try to enjoy with a fantasy, And it names the ‘cause of desire - object’ ‘object a’. It usually appeared as mother’s ‘breast’, ‘eyes’, or ‘voice’, and, like as proving this aspect, the poetry about mother, mother’s breast, and longing, often comes into Yun Dong-ju’s poetry as ‘object a’. The representative poems are 「the Southern Sky」,「Counting the stars at night」. And the source of poet’s desire was reflected in the mirror called well of 「self-portrait」, which is his first poem in his book of poetry 『The Heavens and the Wind and the Stars and Poetry』, in the other words poet’s ‘mirror of desire’, and revealed its clue. The source of the man’s ‘shame’ or ‘hate’ reflected in the deep well in a forest, which playing as a ‘mirror of desire’, threw the poet an insight that was the result reflected his desire reversely. While the poet’s desire that he want to love and be loved, and never wanted to be shamed or hated was reflected paradoxically in the mirror of the well, he wandered to find nostalgic ‘object a’ or mother in his poetry. This working is a kind of enjoyment, but it is suffering ‘Lack of existence’ due to introduction of language, and it says that is a pleasance of painful pleasure because it is desire and yearning that can’t be given up to meet the existence, which is human subject losing eternally and never meet. Lacan had early described it ‘painful enjoyment’ as his unique concept of ‘Jouissance’. Writing poetry is nothing less than enjoyment to the poet who took the unrelieved longing for ‘existence’ of ‘lost big thing’ and suffered from lack of existence. However, the poet, who wants to wake repeatably the experience carved in his unconscious, remembering ‘the first perfect satisfaction of love’ through ‘object a’ imaginatively, appreciates the limitation due to human being’s ‘lack of existence’ in reality and turns his eyes of salvation into the deeper Christlike spiritual world. This Yun Dong-ju’s journey to spirituality can be seen in his poems 「Hospital」,「Beatitudes」, 「the Cross」, and 「Prologue」.