작업동맹 형성 요인 탐색: 내담자 표상분열 및 상담자-내담자 언어 상호작용을 중심으로
An Exploration of Building Working Alliance: Focused on Client’s Splitting and Counselor-Client Verbal Interaction
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작업동맹은 상담성과를 예언한다는 측면에서 중요한 요인으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 작업동맹 형성에 기여하는 요인이라 생각할 수 있는 내담자의 표상분열, 상담자-내담자 언어 상호작용과 작업동맹의 관계를 탐색적으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 11개의 상담사례를 대상으로 내담자의 표상분열과 내담자가 지각한 작업동맹을 측정하였다. 그리고 협력적 상호작용 유목체계를 활용하여 상담 녹음 축어록을 평정한 후 협력적 상호작용 지수를 산출하고 연계분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 내담자의 표상분열 수준에 따른 내담자의 작업동맹 지각에 있어 뚜렷한 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 하지만 내담자의 표상분열 수준에 따라 상담자-내담자 간 언어 상호작용은 상이하였으며, 상담자-내담자 반응에 따라 작업동맹 점수 양상이 다르게 나타났다. 이는 내담자의 표상분열 특성에 따라 상담자-내담자의 반응이 달라질 수 있으며, 이 때 능력있는 상담자가 내담자 반응에 대하여 적절한 반응을 할 경우 내담자는 작업동맹을 높게 지각하게 될 것임을 시사하는 결과라 할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 표상분열 수준이 높은 사례에서 상담자 긍정적 개입 지수가 더 높았고, 내담자 결렬에 대한 상담자 긍정적 개입 연계반응이 유의미한 경우 내담자가 작업동맹을 높게 지각하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의 및 제한점을 제시하고, 향후 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.
Abstract
The working alliance has been one of the most important issues of counseling research because it predicts outcomes in psychotherapy. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of splitting as a client’s pre-treatment characteristics, the counselor-client verbal interaction, and the working alliance rated by the client. To explore the research questions, eleven cases were collected in a university-based counseling center in Korea. Correlation analysis and Sequential analysis were used in the study. In addition, analysis of Collaborative Interactions Scale Index were carried out. The main findings of this study are as follows. The working alliance did not differ by the level of splitting in clients. The counselor-client verbal interaction, however, varied by the level of splitting in clients and was related to working alliance. These results indicate that counselor’s interactions competence played a key role in developing a client’s perception of the working alliance. When clients had higher level of splitting, there were high indexes of counselor’s positive intervention and counselors responded to their clients’ rupture responses with positive interventions. In addition to conclusion, the limitations of the study were discussed and future research was suggested.
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