노동시장 제도와 미스매치가 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향 : 국제 성인역량조사(PIAAC)를 통한 주요 국가의 비교
How Does the Interplay of Labor Market Institutions and Mismatch Affect Labor Market Outcomes?: An Empirical Analysis of 24 Countries Using PIAAC Data
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초록
노동시장에서 개인이 보유하고 있는 인적자원과 일자리에서 요구하는 역량이 상이하면, 인적자원이 효과적으로 활용되지 못하여 거시경제성과에도 부정적 영향을 미친다. 미스매치를 해소하기 위한 정책은 주로 인력수급 균형을 확보하기 위한 측면에서 논의되어 온 반면,노동시장의 구조적 속성과 제도적 조건, 특히 노동시장 분절의 성격에 따라 미스매치가 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향이 좌우될 수 있다는 사실은 상대적으로 간과되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 국제 성인역량조사 자료를 활용하여 노동시장의 제도적 성격과 미스매치가 어떠한 양상으로 상호작용하여 노동시장 성과에 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 노동시장에서 인적자원의 배치 및 보상과 관련된 성과 지표로서 비전형 근로 가능성과 직무관련 직업훈련 참여, 임금을 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 이들 변수에 대한 미스매치의 부정적영향이 확인되었다. 더불어 노동시장 분절이 단체교섭이나 노동시장정책의 성격, 실업급여의 관대성의 제도적 성격에 따라 미스매치의 부정적 효과를 강화하는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 인적자원의 효과적 배치와 활용을 위한 정책 개입이 비단 노동수급 균형 차원의 시각뿐만 아니라 노동수요의 구조적 성격, 즉 노동시장 분절을 완화하기 위한 구조개혁과 병행될 때 그 효과가 극대화 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
It is commonly known that mismatch between human capital embodied by the employeeand the demand for skills will lead to an under-utilization of human resources,therefore yielding a negative impact on the macro economy. While policyefforts have been made in terms of equilibrium of labor demand and supply, it seldomattracts attention that structural properties and institutional features of labor marketscan play a role in determining labor market outcomes. This paper has tried to fill thisgap by analyzing how the interplay of labor market institutions and mismatch unfoldsin generating labor market outcomes using the PIAAC data. Results show that the likelihood of working on atypical contract, job-related trainingparticipation, and earnings, when used as measures for human resources placementand rewards, have revealed negative impacts of education and skills mismatches. Inaddition, labor market segmentation, in conjunction with collective bargaining, natureof labor market policy, and generosity of unemployment insurance, aggravatesthe negative effects of mismatches on labor market outcomes. These finding attestto the request for balance of policy orientation between the equilibrium and thestructural approach to human capital utilization and placement.
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