노동시장 규제완화와 고용의 질
Effects of Labor Market Deregulation on the Quality of Employment
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최근 들어 여러 국가에서 노동시장에 대한 규제완화가 경제침체의 대응 전략으로 고려되고 있다. 노동시장 규제완화와 고용 간의 관계를 살펴본 기존 연구의 다수는 규제완화로 인한 고용창출 효과에 초점을 두고 있다. 그러나 소득의 불평등과 양극화가 세계적인 논쟁을 야기하고 있는 상황을 고려하면 노동시장 규제완화가 고용 창출뿐만 아니라 고용의 질에 미치는 효과도 감안되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 OECD 가입국의 패널데이터를 활용하여 노동시장 규제완화가 고용의 질에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 저임금 비율, 성별임금격차, 비정규직 고용 비율을 고용의 질 대리변수로 분석한 이 논문의 실증분석 결과는 노동시장의 유연성이 높아질 때 저임금 비율과 비정규직 고용 비율이 높아지는 반면, 성별임금격차에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 두고 볼 때 노동시장 규제완화는 전반적으로 고용의 질에 부정적인 효과를 가져 오는 것으로 확인되었다. 분석결과를 토대로 이 논문은 노동시장의 규제를 완화하기에 앞서 정부는 그 결과에 대한 다양한 측면을 고려해야 한다는 점과 노동시장의 유연성과 노동시장 및 사회의 안정성 간의 균형을 위해서는 취약계층의 근로자에 대한 사회적 보호가 전제되어야 한다는 정책적 함의를 도출하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the relationship between labor market deregulation and the quality of employment. Regulatory reform in the labor market has recently been considered as one of the government-response strategies for economic downturns. Previous research has mainly focused on the impacts of labor market deregulation on job creation. Herein, we evaluated the effect of labor market deregulation under the circumstances of growing income inequality on the quality of employment. The OECD panel data was utilized for analyses on the low wage workers, gender wage gap, and temporary workers as indices of the quality of employment. Empirical results show that increasing labor market flexibility increases the ratios of low wage and temporary workers, suggesting that labor market deregulation generally deteriorates the quality of employment. The findings of this study suggested that the government needs to consider the effects of labor market deregulation from the quantitative as well as the qualitative perspective of employment; and adequate social protection for marginalized groups needs to be provided to balance labor market flexibility and social stability.
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