The Role of Questions in Managing Affect and Emotional Involvement in Japanese Conversations
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Recipients of extended sequences of conversation display alignment to the speaker not only through response tokens such as continuers and assessments but also through various interrogative formats for (1) initiating repair, (2) formulating understandings, (3) seeking agreement, and (4) soliciting elaboration. This article examines the use of four types of questions (specifying, follow-up, leading, and summarizing) and illustrates what marks an interaction as polite and friendly in Japanese conversation. It is proposed that listeners initially offer support for the speaker‟s perspective, even if they will go on to disagree with it, in order to construct and sustain a positive affiliation with the speaker. In this collaborative process, affect is jointly negotiated and constructed. This type of interaction has interesting implications for universality and cultural specificity when it comes to conversations.
Abstract
Recipients of extended sequences of conversation display alignment to the speaker not only through response tokens such as continuers and assessments but also through various interrogative formats for (1) initiating repair, (2) formulating understandings, (3) seeking agreement, and (4) soliciting elaboration. This article examines the use of four types of questions (specifying, follow-up, leading, and summarizing) and illustrates what marks an interaction as polite and friendly in Japanese conversation. It is proposed that listeners initially offer support for the speaker‟s perspective, even if they will go on to disagree with it, in order to construct and sustain a positive affiliation with the speaker. In this collaborative process, affect is jointly negotiated and constructed. This type of interaction has interesting implications for universality and cultural specificity when it comes to conversations.
참고문헌 (39)
- Antaki, C., "Conversation Analysis & Psychotherapy", pp.26~42 (2008), CUP
- Atkinson, J., "Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis" (1984), CUP
- Clayman, S., "Group Cohesion, Trust, and Solidarity (Advances in Group Processes Vol. 19)", pp.229~253 (2002), Elsevier Science
- Clift, R., "Conversation Analysis" (2016), CUP
- Couper-Kuhlen, E., "Interactional Linguistics: An Introduction to Language in Social Interaction" (2017), CUP
- Curl, T., "Contingency and Action: A Comparison of Two Forms of Requesting", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41(2), pp.129~153 (2008)
- Dingemanse, M., "Is “Huh?” a Universal Word? Conversational Infrastructure and the Convergent Evolution of Linguistic Items", PLoS One, 8(11), pp.e78273~ (2013)
- Drew, P., "“Open” Class Repair Initiators in Response to Sequential Sources of Troubles in Conversation", Journal of Pragmatics, 28(1), pp.69~101 (1997)
- Enfield, N., "Relationship Thinking: Agency, Enchrony, and Human Sociality" (2013), OUP
- Hayashi, M, "An Overview of the Question-Response System in Japanese", Journal of Pragmatics, 42(10), pp.2685~2702 (2010)
- Hayashi, M., "Conversation Analysis: Comparative Perspectives", pp.250~278 (2009), CUP
- Hayashi, M., "Responding with Resistance to Wh-Questions in Japanese Talk-in-Interaction", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 46(3), pp.231~255 (2013)
- Hayashi, M., "Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles across Languages", pp.191~224 (2018), John Benjamins
- Holmes, J., "Gender and Discourse", pp.263~293 (1997), Sage
- Ilie, C., "The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction", pp.1257~1271, John Wiley & Sons
- Jefferson, G., "Notes on a Systematic Deployment of the Acknowledgement Tokens “Yeah” and “Mm hm”", Papers in Linguistics, 17(2), pp.197~216 (1984)
- Kendrick, K., "Other-Initiated Repair in English", Open Linguistics, 1(1), pp.164~190 (2015)
- Knox, J., "Self-Agency in Psychotherapy: Attachment, Autonomy, and Intimacy" (2011), W. W. Norton & Company
- Koike, C., "Interaction in Storytelling in Japanese Conversations: An Analysis of Story Recipients’Questions", Ph.D., pp.2009
- Koike, C., "Affect-Loaded Questions in Japanese Storytelling: An Analysis of Grammar, Prosody, and Body Movements of Story Recipients‟ Questions", Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 5, pp.481~510 (2015)
- Mori, J., "Negotiating Agreement and Disagreement in Japanese: Connective Expressions and Turn Construction" (1999), John Benjamins
- Mori, J, "The Workings of the Japanese Token Hee in Informing Sequences: An Analysis of Sequential Context, Turn Shape, and Prosody", Journal of Pragmatics, 38(8), pp.1175~1205 (2006)
- Onodera, N., "Japanese Discourse Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic Discourse Analysis" (2004), John Benjamins
- Sacks, H., "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking in Conversation", Language, 50(4), pp.696~735 (1974)
- Saft, S, "Exploring Aizuchi as Resources in Japanese Social Interaction: The Case of a Political Discussion Program", Journal of Pragmatics, 39(7), pp.1290~1312 (2007)
- Schegloff, E., "Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis I" (2007), CUP
- Shigemitsu, Y., "What is Required in the First Encounter Conversation?: Through Interviews to Japanese Native Speakers and English Native Speakers", Language, Culture and Communication: Journal of the College of Intercultural Communication, 7, pp.143~151 (2015)
- Shigemitsu, Y, "Question Forms in Male First Meetings: A Quantitative Study of Cultural Norms in Japanese and English Conversations", The Academic Reports, The Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 40(2), pp.25~34 (2017)
- Sifianou, M, "Disagreements, Face and Politeness", Journal of Pragmatics, 44(12), pp.1554~1564 (2012)
- Spencer-Oatey, H., "Culturally Speaking: Managing Rapport through Talk across Cultures" (2000), Continuum
- Stivers, T, "An Overview of the Question-Response Systems in American English Conversation", Journal of Pragmatics, 42(10), pp.2772~2781 (2010)
- Stivers, T., "A Preference for Progressivity in Interaction", Language in Society, 35(3), pp.367~392 (2006)
- Stivers, T., "Universals and Cultural Variation in TurnTaking in Conversation", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(26), pp.10587~10592 (2009)
- Szczepek Reed, B., "How Speakers of Different Languages Extend Their Turns: Word Linking and Glottalization in French and German", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 49(2), pp.128~147 (2016)
- Tanaka, H, "Turn Projection in Japanese Talk-in-Interaction", Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(1), pp.1~38 (2000)
- Tanaka, H., "Sound Patterns in Interaction: Cross-Linguistic Studies from Conversation", pp.63~96 (2004), John Benjamins
- Tanaka, H, "The Japanese Response Token Hee for Registering the Achievement of Epistemic Coherence", Journal of Pragmatics, 55(11), pp.51~67 (2013)
- Tanaka, L., "Japanese Questions: Discourse, Context and Language" (2015), Bloomsbury Academic
- Weiste, E, "Formulations in Occupational Therapy: Managing Talk about Psychiatric Outpatients‟ Emotional States", Journal of Pragmatics, 105, pp.59~73 (2016)