問いかけのコミュニケーション機能に関する 日韓対照研究

Abstract

This comparative study of questioning in conversation is based on scenario materials in Japan and South Korea aimed to examine differences in how questions are performed and what kind of roles they play in Japanese and Korean. After classifying the communicative functions of questioning utterances that appeared in conversation, we performed statistical tests on the numbers of occurrences to identify functions showing significant differences. In Japanese, back-questioning by repeating words or phrases in the antecedent utterance of the interlocutor and asking for objective information were significantly frequent. On the other hand, in Korean, the significantly frequent type of function was questioning so that the speaker him/herself could make an assertion. Further examination of conversations revealed that in Japanese, short and incomplete questions were often uttered and responded to immediately, which resulted in frequent turn-taking. In contrast, the Korean data showed a tendency for each participant to make an assertion alternately with irony, jokes, and sarcasm, and speakers did not change even after a question. These findings suggest that the two languages differ most in that a “co-locution” style of conversation is adopted in Japanese, whereby two people collaboratively create one conversation, while Korean has an “inter-locution” style of conversation where they mutually hope to make themselves understood.