중세국어 비자동적 교체 용언의 통시적 변화 - ‘ᄆᆞ/므’ 말음절 용언과 ‘ᄅᆞ/르’ 말음절 용언을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The verbs whose stems non-automatically changed stem in Middle Korean have been restructured into stems differently depending on the verb class through Modern Korean. ‘ᄆᆞ/므’ final syllable verbs and ‘ᄅᆞ/르’ final syllable verbs also fall under this category. This is closely related to the loss of the laryngeal voiced fricative ‘ㅇ[ɦ]’ and the disappearance of the form of the prefinal ending ‘-o/u-’ that occurred in the late Middle Korean. In particular, the loss of ‘ㅇ[ɦ]’ and the disappearance of ‘-o/u-’ lead to the emergence of new intermediate-vowel ending combination forms, which are reanalyzed differently and, based on each reanalysis, the stem can be restructured differently. During the Modern Korean, the verbs with stems restructured differently coexisted as separate words. The Verbs such as ‘시므다’ and ‘ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다’, whose stem syllables end in ‘ᄆᆞ/므’, were all restructured into ‘시므다’ and ‘심그다’, ‘ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다’ and ‘ᄃᆞᆷ그다’, and coexisted as separate words during the Modern Korean. ‘시므다’ was restructured into ‘심다’ again and became the standard word of the Contemporary Korean, while ‘심그다’ survived only in some dialects. The Verbs whose stem syllable end in ‘ᄅᆞ/르’ are divided into the ‘다ᄅᆞ다’ type and the ‘모르다’ type, but due to the loss of ‘ㅇ[ɦ]’, the vowel-ending combination form of the former is replaced with that of the latter, and the distinction between the former and the latter disappears. Afterwards, with the disappearance of ‘-o/u-’, these verbs became separate words with different conjugation paradigms, such as ‘다ᄅᆞ다’ and ‘달르다’, ‘모ᄅᆞ다’ and ‘몰르다’, and coexisted throughout the Modern Korean. ‘다ᄅᆞ다’, ‘모ᄅᆞ다’, etc. are irregular verbs with ‘르’ stems that non-automatically change, and they are carried over as standard Contemporary Korean. Meanwhile, ‘달르다’ and ‘몰르다’ are widely used in many dialects of the Contemporary Korean as ‘ㅡ’ regular verbs whose stems have been restructured based on a reanalysis of the newly emerged inter-mediate vowel ending combination forms due to the disappearance of ‘-오/우-’.