20세기 초 미국에서 두창백신, 구제역, 그리고 동물 생물학제제 통제의 기원

Abstract

This study focuses on the 1908 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the United States to investigate the relationship between this epizootic disease and the production and circulation of the smallpox vaccine. It further explores how the search for the origin of the 1908 FMD outbreak contributed to the eventual enactment of federal legislation regulating animal biologics in 1913. The investigation into FMD drew both public and scientific attention to the interconnectedness of human and animal health and raised broader concerns about the safety of biologics used in veterinary medicine. In response, Progressive Era reformers in the United States moved toward centralized, government-led regulation grounded in scientific oversight. Both the 1902 Biologics Control Act and the 1913 Virus-Serum-Toxin Act are widely recognized for their roles in advancing the safety and efficacy of biologics. Nevertheless, despite these regulatory efforts, FMD outbreaks persisted in the United States until 1929, demonstrating that legal and institutional reforms alone were insufficient to alleviate public anxiety over zoonotic infections or to restore trust in biologics.