19세기에서 20세기 중반 한국의 우두법 및 백신접종 연구에 있어 지구사적 관점(global perspective)의 유용성
Global Perspective in Analyzing the History of Cowpox Vaccine and Vaccination in Korea from the Nineteenth Century to the Mid-twentieth Century
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본고는 1980년대 이후 출판된 우두백신과 백신접종에 관련된 해외 연구사를정리하고, 19세기에서 20세기 중반에 이르는 시기 동일 주제에 대한 한국의 케이스를 연구함에 있어 지구사적 관점을 활용하는 것의 필요성에 대해 논의한다. 지난 몇 십 년에 걸쳐 한국의 우두법 및 백신 정책에 대한 연구는 질적·양적측면에서 성장해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 발전에도 불구하고, 한국의 우두관련 연구는 좁게는 국내, 넓게는 동아시아 지역의 연구사 및 자료에 한정되어 진행되어왔다는 아쉬움이 남는다. 그러나, 우두가 발견된 이래, 우두 백신 뿐 아니라 다양한접종 방식이 제국들의 팽창 및 지방에서 형성된 다양한 네트워크를 통해 전 세계적으로 전래되었다. 그리하여, 본고는 한국의 우두법 연구를 지구사적 관점에서 바라보고, 해외의 연구결과를 참고 함으로써, 우두백신 기술, 관련 법 및 정책, 대중의 반응, 그리고 이러한 요소들 간의 복잡한 관계에 대해 더 정확하고 깊이 있게 이해하는 것이 가능하다고 주장한다. 본고에서 다루는 해외연구결과는 영어로 출판된 책 및 논문에 한정되어 있지만, 지리적으로는 동아시아를 넘어서는 광대한 지역-유럽, 라틴아메리카, 동남아시아, 인도, 아프리카, 중동-의 케이스를 포괄한다.
Abstract
This article reviews the historical research on cowpox vaccine and vaccination published abroad since the 1980s and discusses the necessity of global perspective in studying relevant Korean cases from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Korean historiography of cowpox vaccine and vaccination has grown in quality and quantity in the last several decades. However, the achievement has been mainly confined to Korea’s national boundaries or East Asia at large. Since the discovery of cowpox in the late eighteenth century, various techniques of vaccination as well as vaccine lymph were globally disseminated through the expansion of empires and locally established intellectual networks. This paper argues that reviewing research covering a wider geographical scope than East Asia and placing the Korean history of cowpox vaccination in this global picture enables a more in-depth and accurate understanding of vaccination technology, law, policy, public response, and the complex relationship during the proposed period in Korea. Despite a limited inclusion of articles and books written in English, this article encompasses a wide range of geographical locations beyond East Asia, including Europe, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India, Africa, and the Middle East.
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