17세기 童蒙敎育 담당 敎官職制 硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to discuss and examine the historical trends of Juvenile education policies in the Joseon Dynasty during the 17th century, and give an overview about positions, qualification and educational activities of Juvenile education instructors, private school instructors and branch school instructors who were all responsible for Juvenile education in Hanseong (former name of Seoul city). The educational policies for Juvenileren in the 17th century were implemented broadly to two orientations: One way was to ensure substantiality of educational activities led by instructors by connecting the praise and censure of instructors with the principal guidance on Juvenile education (Dongmong Yegang, 童蒙禮講). The other way was to expand the scope of Juvenile education into whole areas of Hanseong as capital city. Jvenile education instructor(童蒙敎官) was a salaried occupation of public instructor who could be promoted to occupations of the 6th Class after its term of service was completed. It was subject to such an organization of instructors as implemented from the age of King Seonjo till the late age of Joseon Dynasty. On the other hand, private school instructor(私敎官) was a salaried occupation that could earn benefit called Chaearok. Originally, it aimed to further encourage educations and appreciate some private instructors who taught Juvenileren in Hanseong for their actual merit of education. Private school instructor came near to honorary office and had no meaning of any opportunity to hold a public office. Branch school instructor for Juvenileren(童蒙分敎官) was newly established in the age of King Injo. It had functional capacity of educational encouragement as well as opportunities to take up a public office. Branch school instructors could be promoted to Juvenile instructor or other public instructor according to their actual scores under principal guidance on Juvenile education as well as their achievements in usual educational activity, not according to their term of service. However, the functional aspect of branch school instructor, i.e. holding a public office, became an obstacle to well operating the organization of branch school instructors. It hardly brought desired effects in practice, so the organization of Juvenile education instructor became extended into 4 classes in the King Hyojong to replace existing organization of branch school instructor. In regard to organizational continuance and occupational class, it was found that Juvenile education instructors played a key role in educational policies for Juvenileren in capital city during the late age of Joseon Dynasty, whereas private school instructors and branch school instructors for Juvenileren were complementary instruction system implemented to promote Juvenile education. In order to make further comprehension about the reality of Juvenile instructor organization during the age of Joseon Dynasty on the basis of findings of this study, it is necessary to examine the actual position and nature of Juvenile instructors in the early age of Joseon Dynasty in comparison with those in the late age of Joseon Dynasty. Furthermore, it is also required to make closer examination of possible relationships among Juvenile education instructors, private school instructors and village school teachers, so that it will possibly able to make clear the position of Juvenile instruction in the education system of Joseon Dynasty.