15-16세기 童蒙訓導 硏究

Abstract

This study aimed to take a look at juvenile education instructors active in 15th - 16th centuries with focus on juvenile education officials in the 16th century to examine their education activities and their office characteristics with the aim of determining then state policy on juvenile education instructors. State measures for juvenile education instructors in the 15th century were taken as part of an education encouragement policy. In accordance with the Provision of Education Encouragement, Chapter on Ceremonial Protocols of Gyeonggukdaejeon (National Administration Code), the state honored long-time meritorious private juvenile instructors with Cheajik (遞兒職, an office qualified for receiving a stipend) to support their livelihoods, thus encouraging education activities. However, Cheajik granted to teachers was not intended to actually take a government office. Juvenile education officials, whose system was implemented in the 16th century, came into being by appropriately applying the previous-time Provision on Education Encouragement. The establishment of the office of juvenile education officials was intensively discussed in the 11th-12th years of the reign of King Jungjong, but failed to be implemented due to then various political conditions. The office was established during the reign of King Myeongjong, as the office-related provision was set forth under Gyeongoehakgyojeolmok (京外學校節目, Enforcement Ordinance on Education). This paved the way for Joseon's policy on this teaching office to be implemented consistently and stably. These juvenile education officials, who belonged to the Ministry of Ceremonies, were allowed to take a government office, unlike juvenile education instructors in the 15th century to whom an honorary office intended for receiving a stipend was assigned. The 16th century state policy aimed to establish a new office of juvenile education officials on the basis of the said Provision of Education Encouragement, and to officially incorporate juvenile eudcation instructors' private schools and juvenile education schools into official school systems of Seoul's four education institutes. Also, importantly, in line with the implementation of Seoul's juvenile education officials system, their provincial counterpart office dubbed Hakjangje was established. To further study the entirety of then juvenile education policy, Hakjangje - implemented in the 16th century - should be researched on.