라틴아메리카에서 삼림 파괴 결정 요인: 부패요인을 중심으로
Determinants of Deforestation in Latin America: Focusing on Corruption
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기후변화가 세계적인 이슈로 부각되면서 기후변화를 촉발하는 주범인 삼림 파괴에 관한 관심도 뜨겁다. 그러나 이러한 높은 관심에도 불구하고 삼림 파괴에 영향을 미치는 제도적 요인에 관한 실증적인 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이 다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 대표적인 생물자원의 보고이며 무분별한 삼림 파괴로 골머리를 앓고 있는 라틴아메리카를 분석대상으로 객관적인 데이터를 사용해 삼림 파괴에 영향을 미치는 제도적 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 특히 라틴아메리카 20개국을 대상으로 부패가 삼림 파괴 에 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석을 통해 규명하였다. 실증분석 결과, OLS와 고정효과 모델 모두에서 부패의 통제 수준이 엄격해 질수록, 부패의 인식 수준이 높을수록 삼림 파괴가 감소하는 것으로 입증되었다. 또한본연구에서는경제성장에따른소득증대, 도시화의확대가삼림파 괴의 또 다른 중요한 요인이라는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 경제성장 과 도시화로 삼림 파괴가 불가피하기는 하지만 부패 축소를 통해 삼림 파괴 속도를 지연시킬 수 있다는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
As climate change emerges as a global issue, interest in deforestation, the main culprit of climate change, is also hot. However, the empirical studies on the institutional factors affecting the deforestation are very insufficient. Against this background, this study investigated whether corruption, one of the representative institutional factors, affects deforestation in Latin America through empirical analysis. As a result of empirical analysis, it was proved that deforestation decreased with higher level of control of corruption and higher level of perception of corruption in both OLS and fixed-effect models. In addition, in this study, it was confirmed that the increase of income(GDP) and the expansion of urbanization driven by economic growth are other important factors of deforestation. The results of this study provide policy implications that deforestation is inevitable due to economic growth and urbanization, but the rate of deforestation can be suppressed by reducing corruption.
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