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인도네시아 환경정치에 대한 연구: 열대림을 중심으로

A Study on Environmental Politics in Indonesia: Focusing on Tropical Rainforests

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초록

본 연구는 거대한 열대림을 보유하고 있는 인도네시아 열대우림의 훼손 요인, 환경이슈 양상, 정부의 환경정책과 그 한계점을 분석하는 형태이다. 거대한 인도네시아 열대우림이 감소됨으로 생태계도 파괴되고 감소되어가며 자연재해를 초래하고 있는 동시에 인명피해도 발생하고 있다. 이러한 열대우림 훼손의 근본원인은 벌목, 플란테이션 농업, 자연현상 등으로 인함이다. 주민들의 생계를 위한 벌목도 있지만 기업들이 팜 대단위 농장을 조성하기 위해 벌목을 하는 예가 더 많다. 정부정책 실행의 어려움은 무분별한 벌목, 정치와 기업간의 정경유착과 공무원들의 부정부패, 정치 및 경제적 이익, 권력의 분산으로 인한 비효율적인 정책 등과 관련이 되어있다. 최근엔 인도네시아 산림복구와 생태계 보호를 위해서 정부는 정책과 전략을 세워 실행해 나가고 있다. 정부정책의 형태는 나무심기 캠페인, 시스템 개선, 연구장려 정책, 인력개발, 부패근절 정책, 산림정책의 탈중앙화 정책 등이다. 산림보호와 산림복구를 위해서 중앙정부 및 지방정부가 투명하고 효율적인 정책들을 실행해 나가려고 노력하고 있다. 정부만이 아니라 환경단체들도 인간의 생명과 생태계 보호를 위한 열대림 보호운동을 지속해나가고 있다. 아울러 국민들도 녹색성장을 이루는데 동참하고 있다. 정부의 환경정책이 구심점이 되고 있는 것이다. 후손들에게 물려줄 미래의 땅을 풍요롭게 하려고 노력하는 모습을 통해서 인도네시아 녹색성장 환경정책은 긍정적으로 평가된다.

Abstract

The present Indonesian rainforests are suffering from huge environmental issues and destruction stemming from several factors. There are several countermeasures and aspects that are being done to solve these problems such as the Indonesian government’s policies, strategies and analyses, including this study analysis. However, the ecosystem of these rainforests continues to be destroyed and natural disaster occurrences continue to rise. Activities such as logging, agricultural plantation, and said natural disasters are the root cause to the destruction of the rainforests. Logging companies create large‐scale farms for the supply of palm oil and perform indiscriminate felling of trees. This inadvertently reflects the difficulty of running the government’s policies in preserving the rainforests. Between the failure to adhere to these policies and the corporate corruption of officials, the rainforests suffer the most. Besides that companies are more geared towards political and economical interests and the distribution of power is also inefficient. In that sense, government policies and environmental issues are closely related to each other. Until recently, Indonesian rainforest restoration and protection acts are only just initiated. Government policy in the form of system improvement and maintenance, tree planting campaigns, encouragement of research policy, workforce development, eradication of corruption, and decentralization policies are being carried out to full effect. In addition the environmental NGOs of Indonesia are also for the protection of human life and the protection of tropical rainforests. With that said, these policies and actions can only succeed once people decide to work together for green growth. In view of a healthier and safer future, these policies are evaluated positively with the hope that Indonesia’s green growth is continued.

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