19세기 전반기 한문학의 변모 양상

Abstract

This paper examines what kind of aspect of the 19th century classical Chinese literature of Joseon succeeded or intensified in the previous period, or what kind of new aspect it became, through the example of Kyunghwasejok京華世族. In this paper, four major features of the 19th century Chinese literature are examined. First, ‘popularization / degradation’ and ‘high-quality / specialization’ have deepened. The former appeared to be a phenomenon in which Chinese poetry phrases were actively inserted into the popular literature such as pansori and novels, and the latter appeared as a high-quality artistic theory such as that of Kim Junghee and Shinui. Those who led the creation and enjoyment of Chinese literature at the time were the Kyunghwasejok, and the latter characteristics can be identified mainly in the literature of the Kyunghwasejok such as Nam Gongcheol who had aimed for the elegant flavor. This characteristic of art and literature in the nineteenth century can be said to be an intensification of characteristics that appeared in the previous period rather than inherent characteristics of the 19th century. Second, the interest in the private realm has expanded. In the case of Nam Gongcheol, for example, he enjoyed the hobby of collecting classical works that he enjoyed from his youth when he was in the midst of the 19th century. In addition, Shim Sangkyu’s Gaseonggak嘉聲閣, as seen in the construction of the historical area, enjoying a personal hobby life appeared in the literature began to be shaped. Third, it is a change of consciousness about the Qing淸 Dynasty. In the nineteenth century, there were still people who insisted on the Daemyunguiri大明義理 theory, and they did not abandon Daemyeonguiri theory at a level that did not put the ideological proclamation. However, in a rapidly changing international situation, there are growing voices that it is no longer possible to hang on to the theory of prosperity, which leads to the stage of discarding the ideology theory. Fourth, the encyclopedic documents has reached its peak. The tradition of publishing the encyclopedic books from the previous period has reached its peak in the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century, the background of this collective frenzy is as follows. First, the influence of the academic atmosphere of the Qing淸, which had been published in numerous documents. Secondly, there is interest in the trivial thing that flourished in the collecting classical works of the 18th century. Third, there is a tendency to systematically organize the books in the nineteenth century, when the amount of book was accumulated. However, it is meaningful that the publication of these total documents expanded the outline of Chinese literature, but it has limitations that can not be reached to the search of the way of Chinese literature in the changing age. As mentioned above, what can be said to be characteristic of the 19th century Chinese literature in Joseon is usually the aspect of inheriting and deepening the previous period. Rather than criticize Chinese literature in the nineteenth century as a retirement, it is necessary to take a closer look at these aspects and to emphasize its significance. It is also necessary to be aware of the limitations of the spirit of the times and the limitations of Chinese literature in the process of modernization.