대몽골(원)제국의 백성분류체계
A Study on Classification System of People in the Great Mongol Empire and Yuan Empire
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This article reviews historical meaning and reality of specific family registry and occupational classification systems, Minggan-u Noyan, Keshigten, and Zhushaihuji (諸色戶計) of the Great Mongol Empire and Yuan Empire. Thus this article is focused on 1) the origin and formation of registry and occupational classfication systems, and 2) forms and types of them. On their origin, Minggan-u Noyan, Keshigten, and Zhushaihuji are viewed as derived from original Mongol thought and as realized into economic system. The family registry and occupational classification systems were formed through taking census of population on the purpose of forming ‘middle class’, which indicates landed farmers, merchants, and technician groups who can pay taxes. Disputes on slave liberation policy in Goryeo or the policy of mechanic slave (工奴) in Chinese regions were triggered by the registry system. Forms and types of the family registry system as Keshigten or Zhushaihuji have hereditary characteristics as which the records as once written on a registry cannot be changed or removed from it and should be inherited nevertheless of huji (戶計).
Abstract
This article reviews historical meaning and reality of specific family registry and occupational classification systems, Minggan-u Noyan, Keshigten, and Zhushaihuji (諸色戶計) of the Great Mongol Empire and Yuan Empire. Thus this article is focused on 1) the origin and formation of registry and occupational classfication systems, and 2) forms and types of them. On their origin, Minggan-u Noyan, Keshigten, and Zhushaihuji are viewed as derived from original Mongol thought and as realized into economic system. The family registry and occupational classification systems were formed through taking census of population on the purpose of forming ‘middle class’, which indicates landed farmers, merchants, and technician groups who can pay taxes. Disputes on slave liberation policy in Goryeo or the policy of mechanic slave (工奴) in Chinese regions were triggered by the registry system. Forms and types of the family registry system as Keshigten or Zhushaihuji have hereditary characteristics as which the records as once written on a registry cannot be changed or removed from it and should be inherited nevertheless of huji (戶計).
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