Studies on Ferdinand Verbiest’s Elementa Linguae Tartaricae (I): Analysis of Caput IV De Verbo §§38-99
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This article aims to introduce Ferdinand Verbiest (1623~1688, SJ)’s Elementa Linguae Tartaricae (hereafter, ELT) and analyze the descriptions of verbs in Caput IV De Verbo. Although ELT is one of the earliest works on Manchu grammar, it was not until the 20th century that the misconception of the authorship was corrected, and subsequent studies have not gone beyond a brief introduction or translations of the text. Using Latin as a meta-language, ELT thoroughly surveys the phonology, phonetics, morphology, and syntax of Manchu. A close reading reveals that Verbiest had a relatively accurate understanding of Manchu: i) the explication of the first person restriction -rA as a finite verb in written Manchu, as is illustrated in Park (2017), ii) the analysis of tense in the indicative and report on -HA bihebi, iii) the structural differences between the speaker-centered modality and the subject-oriented modality in optative, iv) various usages of auxiliary verbs such as sembi, ombi, bahambi, etc. Further research should be followed. Linguistic descriptions of phonetics, phonology, and substantives are to be reviewed. A critical edition of ELT should be made. Reconsidering intellectual circumstances in the 17th century alongside ELT ― e.g., receptions of ancient and medieval Latin grammatical traditions, Jesuit missions into East Asia, debate on lingua univesalis, etc. ― is also essential. Further influences that ELT had on later scholarship must be clarified.
Abstract
This article aims to introduce Ferdinand Verbiest (1623~1688, SJ)’s Elementa Linguae Tartaricae (hereafter, ELT) and analyze the descriptions of verbs in Caput IV De Verbo. Although ELT is one of the earliest works on Manchu grammar, it was not until the 20th century that the misconception of the authorship was corrected, and subsequent studies have not gone beyond a brief introduction or translations of the text. Using Latin as a meta-language, ELT thoroughly surveys the phonology, phonetics, morphology, and syntax of Manchu. A close reading reveals that Verbiest had a relatively accurate understanding of Manchu: i) the explication of the first person restriction -rA as a finite verb in written Manchu, as is illustrated in Park (2017), ii) the analysis of tense in the indicative and report on -HA bihebi, iii) the structural differences between the speaker-centered modality and the subject-oriented modality in optative, iv) various usages of auxiliary verbs such as sembi, ombi, bahambi, etc. Further research should be followed. Linguistic descriptions of phonetics, phonology, and substantives are to be reviewed. A critical edition of ELT should be made. Reconsidering intellectual circumstances in the 17th century alongside ELT ― e.g., receptions of ancient and medieval Latin grammatical traditions, Jesuit missions into East Asia, debate on lingua univesalis, etc. ― is also essential. Further influences that ELT had on later scholarship must be clarified.
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